Reality Health Care

Blood Transfusions

2011-10-31T09:56:00.000+08:00

What is a transfusion?

Transfusion is a therapeutic procedure involving the intravenous injection to a person of a considerable amount of blood from a donor. For this to be made with efficiency and safety is very important to note a number of clinical and laboratory procedures, from the time the blood is obtained from the donor to the recipient that is injected, to ensure maximum therapeutic benefit and minimum possible risk.

The transfusion today is an extremely safe procedure

The donation

represents the solidarity gesture to donate a small part of our blood (which is no more than 10% of the total blood in our bodies) to benefit those in need is still necessary today while it is not possible to replace this precious tissue body.

When a person decides to donate their blood should be directed to a blood bank of a hospital or mobile unit donated scavenging on the streets. There shall be informed of the basic profile must have a suitable donor will be recognized medically and be asked about whether it meets basic conditions, or if instead it has some feature that makes it inadvisable donation. You will be asked to fill in this form where it reviews the conditions and requirements. This first phase is necessary to exclude persons who may reasonably doubt about their suitability as donors.

The donor's right conditions are regulated by law in all countries. In Spain you can summarize the basic criteria underlying the regulation according to the following sections:

Person aged 18 years and under 65, who came by choice and not have donated blood in the last 2 months.
In good general health and normal conditions (weight, blood pressure and heart rate normal, no fever, no complaints of unexplained causes, without having been recently operated without being subject to patents medication side effects, etc.)..
Free from any communicable disease or at risk of having acquired in the last year (living with infectious patients, having received transfusions in the last year, unsafe sex, because they come from areas or countries with endemic diseases or epidemics. ).
Also free of certain diseases (heart disease, hyperthyroidism , insulin-dependent diabetes , cancer, anemia , clotting diseases, epilepsy , peptic ulcer , asthma, severe allergies to medications , etc.)..
Free from the risk of being under the influence of toxic substances ( drug addicts , people taking certain drugs, etc.)..

Complying with the right conditions, the donation does not involve any particular risk to anyone. The donation process usually lasts no more than ten or fifteen minutes and the amount must be drawn that fills a bag of 450 cc. If you can get this number, the donation is usually discarded.

After obtaining the blood analysis is performed to check the same as the donor is healthy and free of communicable diseases. This is determined, usually by serological testing to detect the presence of antibodies to certain viruses, bacteria and parasites. These antibodies usually appear within days or weeks in people who contract an infection.

When concludes sure that donated blood is not receiving any possible risks, it is split in different components useful for transfusion: packed red blood cells (cells that carry oxygen), concentrated platelets (cells that repair damage to blood vessels) and plasma (blood fluid containing serum proteins remaining), mainly.

The blood fractionation because it makes possible the maximum use and more secure employment. The fractional blood is also used for clotting factor concentrates (proteins that are essential to stop bleeding) and other derivatives (albumin, immunoglobulins, white blood cells, etc.).

What types of transfusions exist?

transfusions may be of various types depending on the need to submit the recipient under the disease suffered. The donation is the most common of packed red blood cells (RBCs). Diseases that can make the necessary transfusion of packed red blood cells are numerous (severe bleeding, acute leukemia, anemia treatment after chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer, aplastic anemia, major surgery, myelodysplastic syndrome, hemolytic anemia, etc..), but all have as a common key that there is a severe anemia that can not be corrected by other means and seriously jeopardizing the cardiocirculatory function and blood oxygen in the body.

Anemia is a situation where there is a shortage of hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein, present in red blood cells. If anemia occurs because it is always in the blood not enough hemoglobin, which generally corresponds to an excessively low number of red blood cells, but not always. Therefore, the key figure of the blood of a person who requires a transfusion is the level of hemoglobin, which indicates the capability of fully oxygenated blood. When this figure is less than 9 g / dL is usually necessary to transfuse packed red blood cells, but if the doctor is convinced that hemoglobin may be increased by the patient due to an expected good outcome of the disease or by other therapeutic means, you can decide not. The final key to the decision lies above all in the patient's general condition and the reversibility or otherwise of their anemia by other means.

The number of bags required packed red blood cells varies according to each case, but you must decide the total volume just to ensure the recovery of an adequate minimum hemoglobin level to overcome their bad situation, neither more nor less.

The transfusion of platelet transfusion is another necessary for certain patients. A platelet concentrate is obtained by adding the appropriate fractions from several donations of whole blood platelets are therefore derived from the blood more precious still.

The preparation of platelet concentrates not only done by the sum of the platelets of several withdrawals. It is also possible to concentrate platelets by apheresis procedures quote. This technique obtains a platelet concentrate from a single donor and is performed selectively extracting a small percentage of such cells in your blood. This is achieved by passing the blood of a donor's arms to a machine that is only removed in the same platelets. Then, the machine returns the remaining blood to the donor by injection into a vein in the opposite arm. The process usually lasts no more than 2 hours and carries no risks of note in the vast majority of donors.

The precise conditions that cause platelet donation are those that produce an acute shortage of these cells in the blood and an increased risk bleeding from this cause ( leukemia acute exacerbation of hemorrhagic syndrome, liver transplant surgery, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, politransfusión of red cells, etc..) Platelet transfusion is indicated generally in the blood when the figure drops to less platelets/mm3 of 50,000 in the risk of bleeding. When the level drops to less than 10,000 platelets/mm3 the risk of bleeding is so remarkable that transfusion is usually always indicated if there are no other therapeutic alternative elevate immediately get that figure.

Other possible transfusions are fresh frozen plasma or factor concentrates, which are often required in cases where there are partial or global deficits of certain blood proteins, especially coagulation factors. The transfusion of white blood cells is also possible for severely immunocompromised patients, but is rarely used today as usual.

Today it is very unusual to indicate transfusions of whole blood because it is rare that a patient requires more than a derivative transfusion and medically acceptable because it is the added risk and waste that can result from improper input from other blood components not needed.

What are the risks of transfusions?

transfusion today is an extremely safe procedure. This is because to comply with strict security measures to ensure a careful selection of suitable healthy donors, a careful fractionation, processing and preservation of blood products and transfusion bags assignment completely safe for the recipient in terms of compatibility. To carry out this last phase of the process is essential that concentrates transfused are the same blood group as the receiver. There are many known blood groups, but the most important of all the systems belonging to the ABO and Rh antigens, but there are other systems that must be taken into account in the allocation of blood transfusions.

For this reason, before transfusion is always done in the lab what are called cross-matching. These consist of a small sample meet the recipient's blood with different blood samples of concentrated pockets of the same ABO blood group and Rh thereof, and choose only those where there is not a rejection of the mix. Thus, only those products that are transfused do not react with the recipient's blood, thus ensuring a safe and appropriate transfusion therapy performance.

All these security measures get very low percentages reduce the possibility of adverse effects resulting from transfusion therapy. However, it may even eliminate these risks absolutely. Thus the general approach is to prescribe transfusion only when strictly necessary.

Some of the risks, often rare, are the transmission of infectious diseases, for various reasons, including: poor maintenance of products, transmission of a donor who is not clinically manifested infection (and not been detected prior to the study recently have contracted the disease) group incompatibility reactions, allergic reactions, fever posttransfusion (for the transmission of pyrogens, which are substances that promote onset of fever, or cells that produce these substances); complex immunological effects or effects of the politransfusión.

Why is still needed transfusion therapy?

For certain diseases exist today transfusion alternative treatments. In many patients, for a few years ago there was no other option, it is now possible treatment with erythropoietin, a hormone produced continuously by the kidney and whose main effect is to stimulate red blood cell production. In recent years it has managed to synthesize this material and now many patients with anemia benefit from the therapeutic use of this hormone. Unfortunately, there is still the possibility of use of a hormone similar drug on the production of platelets, called thrombopoietin, but hopefully this is a reality in the not too distant future.

The technology that permits the manufacture of synthetic preparations of blood or similar fluids ability to bind oxygen, and research is still expected to take several years to come.

Until then it remains imperative to maintain and stimulate solidarity which is the act of giving our blood, but on a regular basis, not to mention that throughout the year in our hospitals there is an ongoing need for blood products.

Causes of stretch marks on the body

2011-10-31T07:10:00.000+08:00

Origin of the grooves. The striations are the result of the breakdown of elastic fibers in the skin, because when it is stretched too much, to accommodate the increased volume of the body, less elastic fibers break down and create those famous brands . At first they are pink, then red and finally white. Why leave stretch marks on the skin: yo-yo dieting or weight goes up and down: • One of the most common causes of stretch marks appear. Hormonal changes: • The most common case is when girls reach puberty and begin to grow breasts, also occur with menopause, even without any weight increased or decreased sharply. Inheritance: • Another common cause, in other words if her mother does, is probably one of his legacies. Pregnancy • Stretching the skin of the abdomen produces, in most cases, the rupture of the tissues, because as the skin is made up of fibers in a mesh if the stretch is very sharp and fast, or if there is deficiency of elastin (a substance that causes the skin elasticity) and collagen (which provides firmness), there is a risk they present, the internal and external rupture.

Which brings tea acacia

2011-10-31T00:35:00.000+08:00

What diseases acacia fights? acacia tea us the following benefits on health. For what is good acacia tea: • Fights acidity in the stomach, flatulent colic, stomach pain and belching acid. • Sweetened with honey, acacia tea is effective in combating diseases of the throat and chest.

Gynecological examination

2011-09-30T12:05:00.000+08:00

What is a gynecological exam?

In the various specialties of medicine scans better try to fix the patient and obtain data to guide the diagnosis of their condition, so for example when a person has a sense of fatigue , the doctor listen to the lungs to see the degree of involvement or the main location of your problem.

When a woman goes to the gynecologist for any problems related to their reproductive system, the specialist must submit to an examination which is a recognition of the external genitals, vagina and the cervix or uterus .

To explore the vagina and the cervix, it is necessary to introduce an instrument called a speculum, it is a little gadget on a duck-billed, which when opened in the interior of the vagina reveals the cervix; of Thus it can be seen from a macroscopic point of view and see the possible injury of the vaginal wall.

The second part of the gynecological examination is the introduction of the index and middle fingers inside the vagina of the woman, placing the other hand on the lower abdomen, thus exploring the uterus and ovaries, receiving information about the shape, position and size, as well as its consistency and mobility.

Why is it different this examination to any other?

The main problem with this exploration is the shame and embarrassment that the patient manifests. This sentiment is logical and understandable, given the position you have to take the wife and the intimate nature of exploration. However, the best advice you can give is to make the necessary effort to relax, much less bother you because each of the interventions that we have previously explained.

This, presumably, has its logical explanation, because when a woman contracts the muscles of the pelvis also do, which causes the locking of the speculum into the walls of the vagina, causing more discomfort.

In the case older women, postmenopausal , or not regularly maintained sex, discomfort may be higher due to the lack of elasticity presented, in which case the practitioner uses lubricant on the speculum for better slip into the vagina.

For this reason, the best you can think of the woman who goes to the gynecologist, is subjected to a normal and necessary to scan it, and that the doctor is a valuable exploration. For its part, the physician should not forget what it might mean for the patient.

When should the first gynecological examination?

Every woman should undergo a gynecological examination when you start having sex and, of course, when present any problem of gynecological origin.

A virgin can be explored Gynecology

Yes, but with the following differences: the speculum will be smaller, and as much as the hymen will not allow that, and as for bimanual palpation (with both hands) is performed by inserting a finger in the vagina, while the other is placed in the rectum, to rule out abnormalities of the internal genitalia.

Face lifting

2011-09-21T12:14:00.000+08:00

The face is the mirror of the soul, they say. Their delicate skin contains traces of the passing years, the harmful effects of sun exposure , and reflects the ups and downs, problems and sufferings of people, which often manifests as wrinkles, sagging skin folds pronouncement and accumulations or deposits of fat around the neck.

All surgery carries certain risks precesses

The face is, moreover, one of the body areas that people most often ask to be modified and the nose is an organ very prominent in shaping the face. This paper deals with two popular surgical techniques classified as plastic or cosmetic surgery of the face, rhinoplasty and facial skin tightening or lifting .

What is rhinoplasty?

nose surgery or rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques in cosmetic and plastic surgery. Patients can ask their plastic surgeon to reduce or increase the size of your nose, change the shape of the tip of the nose or nasal bridge, change the degree and form of opening of the nostrils, or even the angle between the nose and upper lip. Some patients with nasal defects of birth, or injury, trauma or even trouble breathing through the nose for a deviated septum often also request this procedure.

What is?

Rhinoplasty is a surgical technique that involves separating the skin from the nose of the underlying structures of bone and nasal cartilage to once sculpted nose as desired and depending on the initial problem, re-attach the skin to the new structure. Most plastic surgeons perform the technique from inside the nose, making incisions in the nostrils inerior to avoid unsightly scars on the skin of the face. Other surgeons prefer what is called the "open surgery", ie, make the incision in the skin of the small wall between the nostrils, especially in more complicated cases.

After the surgery, the surgeon will usually place a small nasal cast or splint to keep the new shape of the nose.

This technique can be done with local or general anesthesia depending on patient preferences and the procedure to be followed.

Indications for rhinoplasty

course, the best candidates for rhinoplasty are suffering a people seeking to improve, but fails to look perfect. The technique can arise, as we have seen, both to achieve aesthetic goals and to correct birth defects or respiratory passages. Many surgeons prefer not to operate on teenagers until they complete their development to avoid problems later.

Risks, Complications and side effects

As with any surgical procedure, rhinoplasty involves always the possibility of occurrence of risks, complications and side effects. The most common complications are infection, nosebleed , or reactions to anesthesia .

After surgery the patient may experience headache , swollen face and pain in the nose. The swelling and bruising around the eyes are prominent at the beginning and gradually increase during the first 2-3 days, then fades away in a couple of weeks. You can reduce the inflammation by applying cold compresses, so the patient will feel better.

In the early days it is common to produce a small amount of bleeding from the nose and nasal stuffiness feeling for several weeks. Chances are that the patient can not blow your nose until several days or weeks to let the tissues heal and recover.

The facelift, or skin tightening facial

Surgery of facial skin tightening, technically known as rhytidectomy, it obviously can not stop the natural aging process, but it can improve the most visible signs of it through removal of excess fat in joining the underlying muscles and re-attach the sagging of the face and neck. Often this procedure arises simultaneously with others, such as stretching of the skin of the forehead, eyelid surgery or nose surgery or rhinoplasty, described above.

It is important to note that a facelift is a very individualized. The plastic surgeon will evaluate your face, including skin and bone structures, and advise the best procedure for each case.

What is?

It is difficult to establish exactly how to make a facial skin tightening because each surgeon has their own method for the procedure. The exact location of the incisions and the sequence of events depends on the patient's facial structure and technique, and surgeon preference.

But in general the skin incisions are made initially by the hairline of the scalp over the temples, extend in a natural line in front of the ear (or just inside the front of the ear cartilage) and continues behind the lobe of the same to the lower scalp area. If you must work on the neck, you can also make a small incision under the chin.

In general, the surgeon separates the skin from underlying fat and muscle. Fat may be trimmed or suctioned from the neck area or the chin to improve contour. Then reinforces the underlying muscle and membrane, pulls the skin back and remove the excess of it. Stitches secure the layers of tissue and close the incisions can be used metal staples to the scalp. Commonly used local anesthetic and a sedative.

Who is subjected to this intervention?

generally undergo a facelift some people whose face and neck have begun to present sagging, but whose skin still retains some elasticity and whose bone structure is strong and well defined. Most of these patients are between 40 and 60 years, although this technique can also be performed in patients 70 to 80 years.

Risks, Complications and side effects

As with any surgical procedure, also stretching the facial skin and involves certain risks, although infrequent and mild, complications. The most common complications include hematoma, injury to the nerves that innervate the facial muscles (usually temporary and reversible), infection and adverse reactions to anesthesia.

Most of the scars are hidden within the hair and skin folds, therefore generally not be a problem.

During the early days operated patients experience a swelling of the face that prevents them from proper mobilization of the facial muscles, so feel stiff. As a curiosity, men who have surgery now find they need to shave in new places behind the neck and ears as they have been repositioned skin areas that generate facial hair in these new locations.

Many times, due to the passage of the years , which does not pass in vain, new interventions will be needed within 5 to 10 years to maintain the desired effect.

Investing in health is investing in our work

2011-09-18T16:09:00.000+08:00

Did you know that for more than 45 years, community health centers have provided a primary health services, comprehensive prevention and high quality patient care regardless of ability to pay? For many Americans, community health centers are the main source of their health care. Everyone, from prevention to treatment. Currently, there are more than 8,100 centers around the country that provide high quality health care to 20 million people.
In addition to keeping our families healthy, community health centers contribute to the prosperity of the local economy by creating well-paying jobs. That's why we have announced today that thanks to the Health Care Act we Affordable $ 700 billion in new financing to pay for the renovation and construction of community health centers.
Since the beginning of 2009, health centers have added more than 18.600 new jobs full time in many communities with the nation's economic difficulties. And these new funding announced today will help continue this trend and generate thousands of jobs nationwide. Here are some details. In 2010, community health centers provided employment for more than 131,000 people, including:

Medical 9.600
11.400 nurses
9.500 dentists and oral health professionals
6.400 nurse practitioners, physician assistants and certified nurse-midwives
4.200 professional mental health care
And more than 12,000 case managers and staff for health education, outreach and transportation

All this is part of ongoing investments to the health of Americans of the Obama administration. By improving health care and create jobs, strengthen our communities.

Botox: Botulinum toxin cosmetic treatment

2011-09-11T12:07:00.002+08:00

In recent years a new treatment has made deep inroads into the world of cosmetic and plastic surgery and in the cosmetics: the vistabel, Botox, or botulinum toxin.

Must be a qualified doctor who injected botulinum toxin

The search for eternal youth makes women especially, but increasingly men, are able to use all kinds of treatments, including this new one, in which a toxin or poison is injected under the skin to remove wrinkles on the face. More popular than breast augmentation surgery, this new treatment is seen by some as the ultimate fountain of youth.

What is botulinum toxin?

botulinum toxin type A is a protein produced by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum , which contains the same toxin that causes severe and often fatal disease called botulism food poisoning.

Its use in the treatment of diseases (blepharospasm and strabismus or uncontrollable blinking of the eyes) was adopted 15 years ago. Later expanded the spectrum of diseases eligible for this type of treatment of cervical dystonia, a neurological disease that causes severe contractions of the shoulders and neck, and more recently also used for hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating of underarms and hands .

As an extraordinary finding as unusual side effects or unusual treatment of eye disorders, doctors saw that the drug eliminated the vertical lines of the skin between the eyebrows, those wrinkles between the eyebrows that make us look tired, angry or unsatisfied.

How does this substance?

Basically, small doses of botulinum toxin used in medicine act by blocking the release of a chemical produced in nerve endings called acetylcholine that is responsible for muscle contractions. When thus the ability to selectively interfere contraction of the muscles of the desired areas, the lines of the skin and soften frown, in most cases disappear within a week.

In what situations is used in the world of plastic and cosmetic surgery?

botulinum toxin injections are a cosmetic procedure that is growing fastest in the industry.

The current indications approved a couple of years by the U.S. Agency for Medicines and Food (FDA, its acronym in English) are the temporary improvement in the appearance of skin lines of moderate to severe frown on people aged 18 to 65 years. It is considered a minimally invasive treatment.

However, despite its approval only as outlined above, is currently being used by many doctors, surgeons and clinics for the treatment of facial wrinkles, so that users of this technique should be advised that Safety and efficacy of these injections in other regions or areas of the face and neck, alone or in combination with skin lines between the eyebrows, have not been clinically evaluated.

When Botox is contraindicated?

The injection of botulinum toxin is contraindicated when there is an infection in the area where treatment will be applied and in individuals with known hypersensitivity to any of the preparations of the product.

The laboratory which markets have warned that a high risk of side effects in people who suffer major neurological diseases such as:

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
la miastenia gravis
the Eaton-Lambert syndrome, a rare disease of the nerves and muscles.

What are the most common side effects?

The most common side effects are headache , pain and redness of the face, respiratory infections, flu syndrome , temporary eyelid drop, muscle weakness and nausea. Have been described, however, more serious adverse effects, ranging from pneumonia , swallowing disorders and generalized muscle weakness even some deaths. Other findings have been rare cardiovascular disorders, including arrhythmias and myocardial infarction , seizures , facial paralysis and others. Most of these problems occur within the first week after treatment application, and although some reverse soon, others may last for months or years.

It is important to note that there is no chance of contracting botulism toxin injections administered botulinum.

It is noted that this treatment may involve multiple risks from improper use and lends itself to abuse (have detected such treatments in health clubs, hotels, lounges and other places have even proposed the so-called parties of botulinum toxin in which many patients are treated at once, usually in clinics). Therefore, experts advise strongly that this type of treatment is administered by a qualified physician in a medical clinic with adequate means. Patients should be in good hands if complications arise.

The FDA recommends that Botox injections are administered at a rate not less than once every 3 months.

The trade name of this product in the U.S. is Botox , and in Europe , Vistabel .

Before injecting ...

If you are interested in receiving this type of treatment, finally, point out some tips from the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery:

Make sure it is a qualified doctor who performed the procedure of injecting botulinum toxin.
Make sure the doctor is trained and experienced in cosmetic skin surgery of the face.
Ask for all the information you need about the benefits and risks of this technique.
Avoid alcohol and remain on your back for several hours after the procedure.
Choose a medical clinic that provides guaranteed sterile technique and appropriate equipment if a problem occurs.

Cosmetic surgery

2011-09-09T12:40:00.001+08:00

Is socially acceptable to have a skin care, smooth and flawless is an attribute of physical attractiveness. However, we are often hard to accept that as we age, keeping the skin healthy, radiant light and becomes increasingly difficult. The face is the "calling card" of the people and so we want to take care of both, yet is the most exposed body area and therefore more vulnerable to the harmful rays of the sun .

Cosmetic surgery has developed rapidly in recent years

The search for a perfect body and eternal youth by many people has led to a rapid development of aesthetic and cosmetic surgery in recent years throughout the world. It is said, not without irony, that in countries like Brazil, where they live with other developed areas very poor, there are many more cosmetic surgery clinics that basic health centers. In many other countries, the high demand for cosmetic surgery procedures by citizens has also led to an extraordinary proliferation of these clinics or centers that provide technical and surgical care for a thousand and one problems of beauty and health.

In Here we review very briefly the most popular techniques and procedures, beyond those already described in previous articles.

It is important to know that most of the techniques we describe, like many other surgical procedures involving or involve certain risks and uncertainties such as infection, bleeding or bleeding, problems with blood clotting and adverse reactions to anesthesia. It is therefore important to choose a plastic surgeon or a specialist in the field highly qualified and accredited clinic or center that provides basic guarantees of hygiene and equipment to reduce or avoid such risks and complications.

have been described more than thirty procedures and treatment techniques for aesthetic and cosmetic problems from which this article will discuss the most important and frequently requested. The treatment referred to breasts as well as facial cosmetic surgery , are skipped in this article because they are treated separately in other articles.

Tummy Tuck

is basically a procedure different from liposuction , which involves flattening or leveling of abdomen by removing fat from the belly and the strengthening of the skin and abdominal wall muscles. It is usually done with anesthesia or local with sedation generally does not last more than 2-3 hours and allowed to return to the patient's normal activity within 2-4 weeks.

"Peeling" or "peeling"

The peeling or "bare" chemical in the skin of the face is a chemical process in which substances are used as phenol or trichloroacetic acid in order to restore the skin of the face, eliminating wrinkles and pigmented lesions or spots or patches of skin caused by sun exposure, using a face mask that produces a bare, ie, an irritation of the upper layers of the skin of the face with subsequent desquamation. This technique works best on smooth thin skin with superficial wrinkles. Takes 1 to 2 hours and requires no anesthesia. Produces or causes little local discomfort, such as redness of the skin or warmth, which disappear in a few days.

Local injections of fat or collagen

These injections are given in the skin of the face, lips, cheeks, chin or, ultimately, the body area to be modified. It is a very simple procedure that usually requires no anesthesia, short duration and only involves the risk of occurrence of an allergic reaction to collagen (a test usually performed prior to injection of the substance to verify whether or not allergies ).

Dermabrasion or skin abrasion

consists of a mechanical scraping of the surface layers of the skin through a small high-speed rotary wheel. Often this technique is used to smooth the skin surface irregularities, including acne and other small facial scars, marks or fine wrinkles, especially around the mouth.

Surgery of the ear and eyelid

techniques exist to treat the ears separate or "jug" (otoplasty), closer to the head or techniques for reducing the size of large ears. They are usually made in children with certain complexes.

Other techniques, such as blepharoplasty, corrects the fall of the upper eyelids and eliminate pockets of fat from the lower eyelids.

Facial implants

basically change the shape and pursue the basic balance of the face, using small facial implants to build a retracted chin, cheekbones, or redraw emphasize the jaw line.

Finally, many other techniques are used to correct problems of the forehead, remove facial wrinkles and scars by laser or by reinstating the hair grafts hair in bald areas, we address further in this article

Damaged Hair Treatments

2011-08-18T16:17:00.000+08:00

It is very important the care of dry hair. This condition can be caused by several factors: the shampoo, exposure to weather, the daily dry hair or use hair appliances such as irons. But whatever the reason then we will give some treatments for damaged hair .
Know your hair type to determine which products to use. For example if you have curly hair is good for everyday use a conditioner to prevent frizz. If you have straight hair you should use a shampoo that suits your hair type. And so with different hair types. This is the first step you should do to make treatments for damaged hair .
You start with a moisturizing shampoo and conditioner for your hair type. But be sure to select a quality product, so you should avoid large container products and if your hair is very battered, maybe it's good to spend a little more money but getting strong hair.
The hair treatments can be varied abused, but what if you have to do is to hydrate the hair with a spray. This product is usually among the best for moisturizing the hair. This will give an extra shine to your hair and do not usually tend to be expensive. You can also use a moisturizer for the hair instead of spray.
Another way to care for damaged hair is through the cream baths . These are sold at any home and are great for cosmetic restoration of damaged hair. In the market there are a variety but is always trying to acquire good quality if you want fast results and real. These are applied to wet hair, typically after shampooing and must wait 3 to 5 minutes to act. Then removed with warm water. You can also cream baths have any hair salon quality products and in turn enjoy a nice scalp massage is great for damaged hair .
And avoid hot appliances near the hair, that is, if you use lots of hair irons, hot rollers, blow dryers, etc.. You'll make your hair continue abused, but at least the following treatments can bear a little more health to your damaged hair .

First aid; Shock and dismay. What are they?

2011-08-10T12:03:00.000+08:00

A shock and fainting occur as a result of the lack or decreased blood supply to tissues that not enough oxygen. When the brain receives an adequate supply of oxygen produces a feeling of weakness, disorientation and dizziness.

Shock can occur after an accident in which blood has been lost too.
After a severe infection with fluid loss.
After a severe burn .
Other processes that occur after loss of fluids or blood.
When blood flow is too slow, low blood pressure and too little oxygen circulating through the body.

When this happens, the person:

It will remain pale.
Begin to sweat and stay cool.
They get dizzy.
Will the weak and rapid pulse.
Will have low blood pressure.
Will the rapid, shallow breathing.
You'll be nervous the intranquila.
You can lose consciousness.

What if someone suffers a shock or faint?

First and whenever possible, we must treat the underlying cause:

Monitor vital signs, treat the injury if possible and reassure the people.
The person should lie on your back, preferably with your feet up, to ensure that enough blood reaches the brain.
Make sure the person is warm, comfortable and covered by a blanket, if possible.
Do not give anything to drink since it runs the risk of choking.
If the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth, it should be side to prevent choking.
Call an ambulance and evacuate the victim urgently. A person with a shock should always be seen by a doctor.

First aid; What if someone is choking?

2011-08-06T12:02:00.000+08:00

Warning

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.

The airway obstruction prevents air and therefore the oxygen it contains into the lungs. Onset is usually sudden and in most cases caused by the entry of a foreign body in the airways.

This problem is much more common in young children as they often put in the mouth all kinds of objects. In adults, most often the blockage is caused by food but can be caused by other objects such as dentures, etc..

The obstruction of the airway may be incomplete or complete. In the case of incomplete obstruction a person may be agitated, with coughing important. Usually the cough causes expulsion of the foreign body being all in a fright. We should not give back blows of the individual and that could cause the foreign body penetrated deeper and establishing a complete obstruction.

On the contrary, when the airway is completely obstructed by a foreign body, the air in the lungs may out so the person can not cough or speak, or breathe. The person is agitated and distressed, many gestures and, characteristically, he puts his hands to his throat.

The best way to address this problem is to use the Heimlich maneuver, which is performed as follows: Stand behind the victim, put his arms around her waist and bend the person's body forward.

Press fist and put it on its inner edge just four fingers above the navel of the subject.
Cójase your fist with your other hand.
Make a strong pressure inward and upward.
Release the pressure, keeping the position of the hands and repeat the maneuver until the object stuck in the throat is expelled through the mouth.

If you yourself who is choking, place a fist on his belly and one hand on top. Push ahead with the first hand to the stomach. Repeat until the object stuck in the throat is expelled through the mouth.

First aid; What if someone has a bleeding nose?

2011-08-04T12:00:00.000+08:00

Warning

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.

A nosebleed or epistaxis occurs when you break one of the small blood vessels in the mucous membrane of the nose, for different reasons.

To stop bleeding pressure must be made directly on the bleeding nostril and against the nasal septum for 5 to 10 minutes. The head is tilted forward to avoid swallowing or aspiration of blood or clots. The patient must breathe through the mouth.

If bleeding continues, it is necessary to go to an emergency department. If a person has repeated nosebleeds and intense, you should see your physician for the problem.

First aid; What if someone is bleeding?

2011-08-03T11:57:00.004+08:00

Warning

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.

The main objective of the person providing first aid is to stop the bleeding of the victim as quickly as possible.

The severity of bleeding is closely related to the volume of lost blood through the vessels blood, the greater the volume of blood lost, the greater risk to the maintenance of life. Thus, the bleeding can range from mild to severe.

Depending on the injured vessel, the bleeding is arterial, venous or capillary, and as the place where blood is lost, the bleeding is external, internal or externalized, ie, occur within the body but flow out through a natural orifice of the body such as ears, nose, mouth, anus or genitals.

Before any bleeding should:

Monitoring vital signs.
Control and stop the bleeding using:
- The direct compression with the hand or a finger on the bleeding focus.
- The compression of the artery that provides blood to the bleeding wound.

Severe bleeding or bleeding from small wounds usually stop in a few minutes to make pressure on the bleeding point with a cloth or a handkerchief, which should be as clean as possible.

The deepest wounds or cuts that affect the veins produce dark blood oozing slowly and steadily. Bleeding usually can be stopped by pressing it gently into the wound with a clean cloth or tissue and then applying a clean bandage. Often needed sewing or suturing the wounds so it will be necessary to consult a physician after first aid.

The bleeding of an artery can be a serious problem and even cause death in minutes if the bleeding is controlled, so that some appropriate emergency first aid is essential. This type of bleeding does throb and the blood gushed out each time it beats the pulse. The blood is usually bright red and intermittent spurts.

To stop bleeding from an artery, is to exert strong pressure on the bleeding point and keep it until the patient receives appropriate medical treatment. Press a clean cloth or use a hand if there is anything else available. Put a bandage on the wound if possible. If blood soaks through the bandage press harder until the bleeding stops. Do not remove soaked bandages because it will draw the blood clot formation, but if necessary, place another on top.

If by direct compression on the wound to stop bleeding is achieved, you can try to compress the artery that carries blood to the wound, especially hemorrhages in the extremities.

Only in very special cases (when other methods are not effective, the bleeding continues and may mean the loss of life) technique can be applied tourniquet. If you take the decision to loosen a tourniquet is recommended every few minutes and should be targeted where they can, even with his own blood, the time when it was laid.

should be the person lie down, preferably with the head lower than the body. This will ensure that sufficient oxygen reaches the brain. If possible, position the wounded area higher than the rest of the body so that the pressure and therefore reduce the bleeding.

Do not attempt to clean the wound. Arterial bleeding should be treated by a doctor.

What if a baby is unconscious, not breathing and no pulse?

2011-08-02T11:55:00.000+08:00

Warning

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.

The performance against a cardiac arrest of an infant not much different from the action to be performed in an adult.

For the opening of the airways, is often enough to make a small extension of the neck. It is important to a good cleaning of the mouth. To breathe air into the baby will use the technique of mouth-nose placing the rescuer's mouth so completely covering the mouth and nose of the child.

If we find no pulse, begin cardiac massage: locate the point of compression in the middle of sternum two fingers just below the line joining the nipples. Compression we will do with the index and middle fingers sinking the sternum 1.5 to 3 cm and seeking to establish a rate of about 120 compressions per minute.

's relationship with cycles of resuscitation will be a blow five cardiac massage.

First aid; The technique of word of mouth

2011-08-01T11:52:00.000+08:00

Warning

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.

The word of mouth technique is applied to adults and older children:

Open the airway using head tilt-chin, described above.
Cover your nose with your index finger and thumb of the hand placed on the forehead.
Take a deep breath and applying the lips around the casualty, take the air heavy and slow, checking with the view that the person's chest rises, a sign that air has entered the lungs.
Repeat this maneuver twice and then continue blowing air at a rate of 12 to 15 breaths per minute until help arrives or the person starts breathing again.

Checking the functioning of the heart

We may check the status and functioning of the heart by examining the arterial pulse. The pulse is checked in the neck, on either side of the Adam's apple, where they spend the arteries that carry blood to the head (carotid arteries). You must use the index and middle fingers of the hand (never the thumb, which note the pulse itself).

If there is no pulse, begin external cardiac massage, with which you can substitute part of the artificial heart function.

The heart is located in the center of the chest between the sternum and spine. Therefore, if we apply force to the sternum, the heart against the spine to contract and expel the blood that contains in its interior. When you stop pressing on the sternum the heart fill with blood again passively and so on.

The technique consists of:

Put on your knees to one side of the patient, at the height of your shoulders.
With the index and middle fingers find the bottom of the rib at its junction with the sternum.
Following these two fingers are placed the heel of your other hand on the lower third of the sternum.
Place the heel of your other hand on top, interlocking the fingers to prevent these touch the chest.
Keep elbows straight and always support your body weight on your hands to make it easier to push for help from gravity.
Squeeze hard and fast the sternum to get a vertical displacement of about 3.5 to 5 cm. Then relax the pressure and repeat again.
It should get a rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute in adults. It is so important to compress the heart is empty, how to decompress so you can fill with blood again.
If cardiac arrest is meant a situation in which spontaneous respiration and circulation do not exist (the person is unresponsive, not breathing and no pulse), should initiate basic life support maneuvers in which they combine respiratory resuscitation techniques and external cardiac massage until help arrives or there is recovery of the patient.

Firts aid; Recognition of the vital signs

2011-07-29T11:49:00.000+08:00

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.
To know if a sick or injured person is conscious must ask a simple questions like what happens?, do you hear?,can I help?, or touch on the shoulder to see if it responds.

If the person says is that it maintains the level of consciousness logically correct and vital signs. If no response, despite several stimuli such as pinching to observe their reactions, you are unconscious. We must immediately notify an ambulance, if you have not already done so, and examine the breathing and pulse.

To check if a person breathes, the person providing first aid must use the view (see if the chest rises and falls) , hearing (put near the mouth to hear breathing) and touch (bring her cheek to her mouth and nose of the patient to feel the warmth of the exhaled air).

If the patient is breathing, you will not need to further explore the vital signs . If not breathing, begin resuscitation immediately lungs.

When a person stops breathing, the only effective maneuver is currently trying to introduce air into your lungs. To achieve this we must perform a series of maneuvers:

Lay the person flat on the floor face up.
Examine the mouth to remove any foreign bodies (dentures, gum or other objects that may impede the passage of air).
Open the airway. This call is made head tilt-chin: you place your index and middle fingers of one hand under his chin and pressed with the thumb on the chin, pushing it up, while the other hand is placed on the forehead pushing it down. This move will get the base of the tongue so as not to obstruct the passage of air through the hyperextension of the neck. It should be noted that if very strong suspicion that there may be an injury to the cervical spine should not then move the head, and is forced to try to do artificial respiration absolutely still trying to keep the neck of the victim.
It is important to remember that in the case of an injured motorist owes never try to remove the helmet, as if he had a neck injury unfortunately, relatively common, only make things worse.

Next, apply artificial respiration techniques that, as the case may be:

Word of mouth: the most common.
Mouth to nose: if there is a serious wound in the mouth or poisoning.
Word of mouth-nose-in newborns and infants.

First Aid

2011-07-21T11:22:00.001+08:00

Warning

These tips are general recommendations for an emergency. Not intended to replace professional classes in first aid and resuscitation.

Why learn first aid?

First aid is an important technique. Performing a few simple procedures and following certain guidelines, you can save lives if given basic treatment until professional medical help arrives.

Also remember that more is learned with practice. In an emergency there is no time to read instructions. If you have memorized some of the most basic procedures, you can react quickly and effectively.

Where do I start when giving first aid?

is important to identify those situations that pose an immediate threat to life.

The vital signs that we recognize are: awareness, breathing and pulse. It is interesting to know the recognition techniques and vital signs remain calm enough while these checks are being made.

The scan order is based on the priority criteria:

Ensure that air enters the lungs properly.
Check if you keep the pulse.
Detect and control possible major bleeding.

Food Tips

2011-07-18T16:20:00.000+08:00

While older people live a full and healthy, it is inevitable that even though you can not find the source of eternal youth and the body over time is not the same, one is beginning to worry about as the aging becomes a problem for skin, body and above all, the psyche, so that these changes are not so cruel to the head are simple techniques and healthy eating that will allow the care supply is the basis of good technique anti aging. Until the fountain of youth is all a myth, but there are certain foods that they know very well slow down the effects of aging on human skin.
One of them is the avocado , these fruits are a healthy source of monounsaturated instituted to help reduce bad cholesterol in the body, which has the main problem cover and block the arteries. Avocado is also a good source of vitamin E, vitamin E is an antioxidant that promotes healthy skin and improves the hydration level of skin leaving it softer. The avocado should not be complicated to prepare, just enough to mix in a salad, eat it in slices or sauce directly combined with other products.
The berries are also an excellent source of antioxidants. The dark berries like blueberries and blackberries contain flavonoids that are powerful natural antioxidants. These help protect the body against free radicals, which cause enormous damage to living cells. The berries also contain vitamin C, which helps stimulate the immune system. The berries can make a snack or a very healthy breakfast and not only this but also can be present throughout the day.
Broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage are an important part of the family of cruciferous vegetables. These vegetables help the body fight toxins and cancer. The intake of these vegetables raw or cooked is the best way to consume them. The cooking process destroys enzymes that the body needs good for better health and nutrition.
Nuts are rich in vitamins, minerals and other antioxidants. These fruits can help reduce cholesterol, improve digestive system and prevent cancer.

Prevention of thrombosis

2011-06-25T11:05:00.000+08:00

What is Thrombosis

Thrombosis is a pathological phenomenon in which a vein or artery of the circulatory system is blocked by a thrombus, which is a kind of plug consists of coagulated blood and cells, thus preventing the blood keeps flowing glass from that point.

The circulatory system consists of a network of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to different organs and tissues (arterioles and capillaries) and a network of vessels of return (venules and veins) that allows the return of blood to the lungs. There expel red blood cells that transport carbon monoxide and oxygen reloaded. From the lungs, returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins (body only veins that carry oxygenated arterial blood), in turn, propel the heart again via the arteries throughout the body.

The risks of not preventing thrombosis

in both an artery and a vein thrombosis can occur. The effects are quite different depending on the case of one or another type of blood vessel. Thrombosis in a blood vessel is very serious because it prevents oxygenated blood continues to flow from that point to the tissues that depend on that artery. The result is ischemia (tissue suffering from lack of blood flow causing anoxia, which means cell suffocation from lack of oxygen.) When the ischemia lasts longer than the tissue can withstand irreversible death occurs in cells of the tissue, which is called infarction. Depending on how vital it is the organ affected and the extent of ischemia, there will be more or less serious effects for the rest of the body.

In the case of a heart attack for example, the impact is very serious because of coronary artery (heart artery) occluded depends a great deal of blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) or nerve tissue that controls the rhythm of the heartbeat. If the thrombus does not resolve the heart ends up with in a few hours a stroke of great extent or a serious malignant arrhythmia that makes it impossible to maintain its pumping function and thus cause death.

thrombosis that occurs in other organs such as brain, eye, kidney, limbs, etc.. may not be as strict when it comes to cause death, but always involve the loss of the organ that depended on irrigation cut off, with the important functional losses resulting therefrom (hemiplegia, paralysis of the lateral half of the body, loss of speech, vision loss, dementia , etc.)..

In the case of veins, thrombosis is not usually endanger the life of the person unless it affects the veins that carry blood to the lungs (pulmonary embolism) because that reoxygenation leaves the possibility of venous blood. Thrombosis is the more serious the more extensive the amount of lung blood flow that remains.

With venous thrombosis (pulmonary embolism except already mentioned) that is produced is not a situation of ischemia as such, but the obstruction blood out of the organ to which the vein, which usually causes inflammation, pain and swelling of affected tissues (accumulation of stagnant water from the blood into tissues that are drained by that vein).

Is it the same one thrombosis embolism?

No, not the same. The circulatory system requires two basic conditions to serve its important function, is the condition of the permeability and another defense of the structural integrity and hemostasis. The first relates to the need for blood vessels are always free for the passage of the blood, and the second refers to the need to repair the walls of the vessel in case they suffer an injury.

The body with very complex systems, keeping a delicate balance, ensuring a perfect harmony of the defense provided that the integrity and permeability as essential. In the case of the hemostatic system have to mention two key, the system of platelet aggregation and the coagulation system.

The aggregation system

consists of the first blood cells (platelets) that, as tile, stick to where necessary in order to plug a break.

The coagulation system

is constituted by the second blood proteins that promote the formation of anchors and cables of the cluster of platelets and other cellular debris, thus forming what is called a thrombus or blood clot.

At times, there are pathological situations or by going injuring the vessel wall (eg atherosclerosis ) or function improperly encourage active or poorly controlled aggregation systems and / or coagulation failure occurs balance and subsequent formation of thrombi occluding just by the glass full.

Thrombosis occurs always some unusual circumstances favors the formation of a thrombus attached to the vessel wall. Stroke, however, is the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot that has formed in the circulation or that is a fragment of a blood clot that has traveled through the bloodstream to a stop at the point where it can no longer continue and that fell from an earlier point in the vessel wall where it formed. Thrombosis therefore occurs at the point where the vessel wall has suffered an injury and stroke distance occurs at a point other than where it generated the first thrombus.

What diseases cause thrombosis?

The list of processes that favor the production of thrombosis is quite large:

Arterial thrombosis

Atherosclerosis

is worth noting at the head of all atherosclerosis, a vascular degeneration process favored by certain well-known risk factors for all ( hypertension , snuff , obesity , high cholesterol , excessive alcohol consumption , sedentary lifestyle, diabetes , etc.)..

In atherosclerosis is being produced the deposition of cholesterol and other fats in the wall of large vessels, which narrows the inside of them and ends up producing a rupture of the inner vessel layer (intima-called .) This leads to multiple platelet adhesion and the formation of a blood clot just completely occluding blood flow.

Heart disease

Other processes can produce arterial thrombosis are those cardiac diseases that favor cap or turbulent flow of blood as it passes through the chambers of the heart, as if the blood stops is also encouraged the formation of clots.

In this group of processes are some cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome, etc..), vascular malformations, diseases of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), the cardiac valve disease (valve) and atrial myxoma (tumor of the heart formed in the atrium).

Another heart disease that also causes increased risk of thrombosis is endocarditis (infection of the inner cell layer that lines the heart chambers.)

Coagulation disorders

The list of diseases that promote arterial thrombosis complete with some clotting disorders, certain diseases that increase the number of blood platelets (essential thrombocytosis) or viscosity (polycythemia, monoclonal gammopathies, leukemias ) and other diseases such as vasculitis, sickle cell, etc..

Venous thrombosis

processes that promote venous thrombosis are mostly different from those that increase the risk of arterial thrombosis.

The classically described as provocative factors for venous thrombosis (venous stasis, increased blood viscosity and hypercoagulability) are in full force and least one of them is always present in these diseases.

In this group we find the conditions in which adequate control is lost on power coagulant:

Primary hypercoagulability syndromes thrombofilias the primary (antitrombina III deficiency, protein C deficiency, Disease of Leyden, disfrinogenemias, etc..)

Hypercoagulability secondary states (cancer, antiphospholipid syndrome, pregnancy, nephrotic syndrome, consumption of some oral contraceptives);

Other causes such as prolonged immobilization in bed or hematological diseases (essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, sickle cell disease, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia).

What ways are there to treat thrombosis?

Logically, when a thrombosis or arterial embolism far more useful and urgent treatment is one that will restore the blocked blood vessel patency before the ischemic infarction becomes final.

The time available to try this, in the heart attack for example, is only a few hours (6 to 12 hours.) One of the most used in this type of ailment is fibrinolytic therapy, which involves the administration of a or more drugs that dissolve the clot and restore the obstructed vessel permeability.

It is also possible to practice an emergency catheterization it to reach the key point of occlusion, fragmentation of the thrombus and dilate the vessel (angioplastia.) Within this technique it is also possible to accommodate within the coronary vessel permanent stent, which is a semi-rigid device that prevents the artery may close again. A complete technique is called interventional catheterization PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty).

In the case of venous thrombosis, which in most of the time it happens in the veins of the legs, is not as pressing to recover the permeability the glass as if it is to relieve pain and other symptoms, and especially prevent detachment of the thrombus or fragments thereof, ascending cava veins, venous territory to reach the lungs and can cause a pulmonary embolism, as described above. To avoid this, so should be instituted early treatment with anticoagulant medication. Within this type of medication is the most widely used drug heparin as initial treatment, which can be later replaced by coumarin drugs such as acenocoumarol (Sintrom) for maintenance treatment, which must be satisfied for a longer time (usually 1 to 3 months.)

What ways are there to prevent thrombosis?

Without doubt, thrombotic disease prevention is no better than get reduce or eliminate the effect of those conditions that favor the deterioration of the circulatory vessels and the consequent formation of thrombosis. Thus, a measure of great benefit in preventing myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis or arterial thrombosis of the legs is trying to be free of the risk factors of atherosclerosis, for example.

Still, there is the possibility of reducing the systems based on aggregation and coagulation by antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin, clopidogrel, and so on. or anticoagulants such as heparin, coumarin derivatives (acenocoumarol, warfarin) or other more recent or imminent occurrence (Lepirudin, ximelagatran, Fondaparina, etc.).. The indication of one or the other is set based on the degree of risk of thrombosis, type of disease that favors the risk, the patient's physical condition and age.

The risks of antiplatelet and anticoagulant

treatment indication antiplatelet or anticoagulant preventive the physician must consider the particular case and the decision must be taken when you are sure that reducing thrombotic risk clearly outweighs the risks associated with these treatments. Both antiplatelet and anticoagulant, but the second, present employment as the main risk of increased incidence of DHF. This danger is today the main factor limiting its use and is higher the older a person so that anticoagulant therapy is indicated with much reserve in the case of older people.

antiplatelet therapy (aspirin in particular) often be at special risk of injury to the gastric mucosa, which can lead to erosive gastritis and even peptic ulcer, although I must say that in recent years have emerged new antiplatelet agents whose use results in a lower frequency of this adverse effect.

There other potential adverse effects as a drug or other choice, but the truth is that the risk of hemorrhage that most concern to doctors. Therefore, the antithrombotic pharmacology research today continues to focus its best efforts to obtain new active compounds with more selective effect on the processes of hemostasis, so that they can get more effective and safer drugs with which to prevent thrombosis without thereby significantly increasing look bleeding risk.

Types of fats

2011-06-08T07:11:00.000+08:00

Types of fats. The fat, but not enough, it is necessary for the body, but excessive consumption causes obesity and heart problems. Learn what you should eat more fat and what you should eat in moderation. Types of dietary fat Saturated fats: Consumption should be limited to moderate due to increased concentrations in excess of bad cholesterol in the blood. Foods with saturated fats • beef. • Cream of cocoa. • Pork. • Yogurt. • Chicken. • Sausages. • Butter. • Cheese. • Milk. Monounsaturated fats: This type of fat helps reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, long as you eat a diet low in saturated fat. Foods with monounsaturated fats: • Avocado. • Olive oil. • Nuts. • Peanuts. • Almonds. • Olives. • Pistachios. Polyunsaturated fats: It may also decrease the concentration of blood cholesterol, but its main contribution is the omega-3 fatty acids. These serve to reduce the risk of a heart attack and the body uses them as precursors of hormones. Foods with polyunsaturated fats: • Fish in cold water. • Soybean oil. • Wheat germ. • Safflower oil. • Oil flaxseed. • Sunflower seeds.

Prevention of diabetic retinopathy

2011-06-01T11:17:00.000+08:00

Involvement of the retina of the eye in patients with diabetes mellitus (diabetic retinopathy) is the most common cause of new cases of blindness among adults 20 to 75 years of age. During the first twenty years of the disease, nearly all type 1 diabetic patients and more than 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes develop this serious complication. In the diabetic group in which the disease appears early ( type 1 ), 85% of cases of blindness has been attributed to diabetic retinopathy. In diabetes type 2 (in which diabetes appears later, after 40 years), one third of cases of legal blindness (even with some level of vision, someone unable to work) has been attributed to the diabetic retinopathy.

Los dibéticos type II should see an ophthalmologist immediately

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by the appearance of small dilations in the tiny microscopic blood vessels that supply the retina, or inner membrane of the eye, hemorrhages, exudates, alteration of veins and growth of new blood vessels in the membrane and the posterior surface of the vitreous humor that fills the eye.

The loss of vision that occurs in this complication is the result of several mechanisms of action.

Risk Factors

The main risk factors include age, duration of diabetes mellitus and degree of control, high blood pressure and excess cholesterol in the blood.

The duration of diabetes is probably the most powerful predictor for development and progression of retinopathy. The degree of control of blood sugar has been implicated in numerous scientific studies as a major factor, some studies that used an intensive treatment of diabetes with insulin showed a significant reduction in the risk of retinopathy.

The effect protector of the good blood sugar control has also been confirmed in patients with type 2 diabetes. A major study conducted in the UK 6 years ago showed that improved blood sugar control reduced the risk of developing retinopathy and nephropathy (kidney involvement), and possibly neuropathy (nerve involvement) . The overall complication rate of small blood vessels was reduced by 25% in patients receiving intensive therapy versus those who received conventional treatment.

This important study also showed that tight control of blood pressure in diabetic patients such reduced progression of retinopathy and the risk of deterioration of visual acuity and reduce deaths related to diabetes and stroke.

Measures to prevent diabetic retinopathy

Interventions that have shown benefit in preventing diabetic retinopathy include:

Good control of diabetes
comprehensive control of hypertension
quit
laser photocoagulation in patients with early-stage lesions.

Laser photocoagulation has proven effective in significantly reducing severe vision loss and slow the progression of retinopathy. It is a technique that involves destruction of new blood vessels formed in the retina or vitreous hemorrhage by administering multiple shots of a laser beam. Unfortunately, despite its effectiveness, this technique restores sight lost.

It is very important to consider that diabetic retinopathy occurs with little or no visual or ophthalmic symptoms until vision loss occurs. Since this treatment is to prevent such loss and retinopathy may be asymptomatic, it is essential to identify and treat these patients early, early in the disease. To achieve this goal, diabetic patients should be evaluated routinely to detect the disease at a stage that can be treated.

In this connection it is interesting to follow these recommendations:

Patients with type 1 diabetes should be examined by an ophthalmologist between 3 and 5 years after being diagnosed with the disease.
Patients with type 2 diabetes should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist as soon as possible after diagnosis.
All diabetic patients should be examined annually by an ophthalmologist with expertise in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. If cases of progressive retinopathy, checks should be made more frequently.
Since pregnancy is a factor that can accelerate the progression of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic women who become pregnant should be examined by an ophthalmologist in the first trimester of pregnancy and periodically during treatment.
You should begin treatment with laser photocoagulation in diabetic patients type 2 diabetic retinopathy lesions in early stages to prevent the progression of complications and blindness.

What is the purpose zinc and selenium in the skin

2011-05-31T07:10:00.000+08:00

Selenium and zinc for skin beauty. The zinc and selenium are antioxidants benefiting two minerals much the appearance of the skin. The skin Zinc: A mineral essential • it strengthens our defenses. • It helps the skin stay healthy and strong. • Promotes healing of skin wounds and burns, including those caused by the sun. • Its importance is such that, if deficits appear severe cases of dermatitis (skin thickening, redness , itching, flaking). Foods with zinc: • Seafood (especially oysters), milk and its derivatives, liver, pumpkin, onion, wheat germ, egg, yeast, sunflower seeds, nuts and legumes. selenium for the skin: • Helps the immune system. • Prevents premature aging. Foods with selenium: • Garlic, onions, avocado, milk, grain, yeast, fish and meat.

Back pain: how to prevent

2011-05-28T10:51:00.011+08:00

We understand that pain back pain affecting the back of the trunk, ie, from the nape to the sacrum or the end of the spine. Of all the backaches, the most common (affecting 7 or 8 out of 10 people at some point in their lives) is that which corresponds to the area or lower back and then talk back pain or lumbago . The next most often neck pain or neck and, lastly, though quite often too, back pain or middle back.

Back pain is, among others, with heat and gentle massage when there is muscle spasm.

In this article we will describe some highlights of back pain, with special reference to low back pain, and will discuss appropriate measures to prevent it by calling postural hygiene.

Why is it important to back pain?

few health problems such as back pain, have an important impact at the personal, employment, socio-economic costs and health costs in any country. From a labor standpoint and economic, low back pain is a major cause of low and work disability and absenteeism from work in our environment.

In the response to treatment and prognosis of the problem as involving not only physical factors but also psychological, social and labor, which play a major role and are often difficult to assess and resolve.

What are the causes of back pain?

There are many causes of back pain, but the most common (up to 90% of cases) are due to mechanical disorders of the spine, either degenerative or thinning of the bones and joints of the vertebrae, and by changes in the muscles and ligaments of the back (overload, contractures, trauma). Overall, the degenerative changes predominate in the elderly, while the involvement of the muscles and ligaments is more suitable for teenagers and adults.

The remaining 10% of cases are due to alterations or specific diseases such as diseases of bone metabolism , infection, tumors or bone metastases from other tumors, trauma, or various rheumatologic diseases. In any case, it is always important to rule out the existence of some of these causes as the approach and treatment can be very different.

How will the doctor about the cause of my back pain?

As in many other facets of medicine, the doctor will perform a series of questions about the pain (onset form, duration, location and possible radiation, rhythm, factors that relieve or aggravate it, etc..) examine the patient carefully and, if necessary, request certain additional tests like X-rays, blood tests , etc.. or refer the patient to the appropriate specialist.

How is back pain?

Once established, back pain is, in general, initially with the first few days rest, warmth and gentle massage when there is muscle spasm-like drugs and simple analgesics such as acetaminophen or salicylates, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants.

How I can prevent the onset of back pain?

The prevention of back pain is one of the mainstays of treatment. In recent years in Spain have developed various programs for the prevention of back pain that stands out the Back School.

This is an educational program aimed at patients who provides general information about spine, posture and physical activity recommended and prevention and back exercises. This is to involve the patient in the care of your back to prevent mild cases become chronic and to achieve social and professional reintegration of the most serious or chronic.

Hygiene measures or postural advice

It is advisable to sleep or rest in the so-called fetal position. As an alternative, proposed sleeping on your back with a pillow under your knees.
When standing and motionless, it is advisable to support one foot slightly ahead on a small stool or block of wood 15 to 20 cm. in height. A practical example would be the use of the stool during the task board.
If necessary bending, it is advisable to do so by bending the knees with legs apart (squat), but keeping your back as straight as possible. Knees To help in this task, it is useful to seek support (a chair, a dresser, a wall, etc..), Both the bending and the time to rejoin. If you find it more comfortable, you can bend one knee support on the ground. Simple domestic example, it is preferable to top-loading washer.
When you get out of bed, go to your edge, drop the legs and, leaning with both arms, slowly sit up contracting the abdominal muscles. Once seated on the edge of the bed, use your hands for support to stand.
When making the bed kneeling recommend keeping your back straight.
When dressing, do so granted. When put on, put your leg on the thigh of the opposite side. The long back straight.
Regarding the shopping cart, drag it rather than push it averted a forced rotation. The handle should be high (up to the elbows) and are preferred four-wheeled cars to two.
To drive, you must fully support the back in the back. The arms should remain slightly bent and your knees higher than your hips.
Rising from the chair should do so with eyes straight ahead. Rest your arms on the chair, move to the edge of the seat, move the head forward and one foot delay, which will serve as encouragement and support to stand.
When sweeping, you must side with the broom near the body, open and semi-flexed legs and back straight. Reciprocating movements will be made based on legs and tilt-rotation of the trunk.
Scrub should do like sweeping. To wring the mop bucket placed between the feet. Wring the mop press, making the rotation of the arms, not turning the column.
In the work of office, the height of tables and chairs must be adequate to keep the back straight. Your arms should be at right angles to the table. Knees higher than hips. The upper edge of the computer screen to eye level. When working with documents, place them on an easel. The chair should ideally have armrests, 5 legs with wheels, adjustable backrest and the seat height should be equally regulated. The feet must be flat on the floor or footrest.
To catch a tall object is recommended a step stool instead of straining your back stretching.
To get an accurate weight of the soil is bending properly and place the object as close to the body. Slowly lift your back straight.
To carry weight, load weight always close to the body and divided between both arms.

Osteoporosis: prevention of falls

2011-05-11T10:59:00.000+08:00

Why prevent falls at home?

One in twenty falls in the home causes a bone fracture and of these, one in five is a hip fracture. Hip fractures have a high mortality rate, almost 10% of patients die within the first month, plus the majority of patients, usually elderly, lost their independence in activities of daily living.

The osteoporosis is a determining factor for fractures occur, because it weakens the bone, but to produce a hip fracture is also necessary to have an injury, however small, on that area. It is therefore important to prevent falls, thus also prevent fractures.

What can be expected to make the home safer?

Wear appropriate footwear, no heels.
Wear appropriate eyeglasses and vision checked periodically.
Avoid rugs can slide or hanging electrical wires. Repair the ground if there are changes on the surface.
Ensure there is good lighting in the house.
Be very careful when taking medications , especially sleeping pills and sedatives may cause drowsiness and increased risk of tripping or stumbling.
Many seniors require diuretics and antihypertensive medications, which can increase the risk of falls when used at high doses. You should consult your doctor about what is the correct dose.
If you have dizziness, vertigo or risk of falls, consult your doctor about the effect on these symptoms can have other medications taken.
If necessary get up at night to go to the bathroom, you should consider using a urinal, to avoid the risk of falling in the dark, or properly illuminate the way and make sure that the path between the bed and the fourth Bath has no object that can trip.

Can be useful hip protectors?

Yes The risk that an older person a hip fracture is reduced by about 50% when using a hip protector. Worn under clothing and cushions the hip in the event of a fall.

Back care at work

2011-04-30T10:33:00.001+08:00

Injuries can occur

Vertebral fractures

are typical of construction workers and miners, by falls or by release of heavy metals on the patient. The usual mechanism is a forward bending of the body compresses (s) vertebra (s) so that they deform more flattened in front than behind, is a typical fracture "wedging" which represents the vast majority of these lesions.

Awkward postures or maintained provoke a reaction of the muscles and therefore a muscle contraction.

The higher the bone deformity are at greater risk of compressing the spinal cord, so the severe crushing should be operated. The most common surgery involves fusing the vertebrae damaged the neighbors, adding an internal metallic material that supports the assembly.

Milder cases are treated with a brace for months followed by rehabilitation.

Contractures spinal

vertebrae are arranged in a chain. The position of each link or vertebra over the other depends on the ligaments and muscles.

The postures or maintained trigger a reaction of the muscles, which are kept in continuous contraction. The lack of relaxation causes muscle pain. It's called "muscle contraction", which means the vast majority of back pain.

Also, any traumatic injury to the back, either fracture or sprain, cause this type of muscle reaction.

Vertebral sprains

Typical drivers, crash occurs and sudden stops, causing a swinging movement of the head distended (and sometimes break) the ligaments connecting the vertebrae.

This case is almost unique to the cervical vertebrae due to the particular anatomy of this area.

The treatment of severe cases is surgery, because of the risk of spinal cord injury. The mild and moderate cases, which are the vast majority are treated with cervical collar for several days followed by a period of rehabilitation.

Prevention

Postural hygiene concept

postural hygiene is a set of physical activity standards must be met to prevent injury, back here.

These rules apply to the right and wrong way to make an effort and depend on specific job But in the case of the back can be divided into two groups: those that must be continually sit workers (clerks and drivers) and those affecting workers great effort (construction, mining, farmers).

Workers sitting

position of the chair should allow your back is straight and the hips approximately 90 ° flexed, so that your thighs are horizontal to the ground, also, the forearms should be horizontal.

The shape of the seat should allow your lower back remains slightly arched, to maintain the physiological curve of the back.

's gaze should be directed forward or slightly down, so no computer monitors to very low or very table at the sides, so that the neck is not rotate.

From time to time is advisable to stop and spend a few minutes stretching exercises. Each person has their own time but you should stop every hour or hour and a half.

stretching movements are gentle, slow and progressive in its execution, trying to achieve maximum mobility but without noticeable pain. It is normal "pop" the intervertebral joints to make them.

Some recommended exercises for the neck is smooth movements of the head in a circle, forward and backward and sideways, while maintaining high shoulders (the "shrug" relaxes the trapezius muscle, the source of much of the cervical contractures).

Another type of exercises are performed standing, for example by supporting each hand on one corner of the wall and allowing the body to lean forward while flexing the elbows and face tends to play against the wall. Also standing with your back straight, will cross with arms bent and elbows as much as possible try to direct them back.

The exercises recommended for lumbar, and often practiced lying dorsal face up in a relatively hard surface. Some of them are:

With an initial position of his arms crossed over his chest and knees slightly bent, raise the buttocks as possible;
In another exercise we start from a kneeling position straight and hands behind your head with fingers interlaced and progressively raise the elbows without unlocking the fingers.

Great efforts Workers

If work at heights must wear harness to prevent falls. They should also wear a helmet if there is danger of detachment (rocks, bricks, wood, etc.)..

If you are inclined to work and lifting weights is convenient to use a strong lumbar fascia at the time to lift the aim to keep back straight and knees slightly bent so that the effort is transmitted from the back of the thighs

Advantages of swimming

is the quintessential healing exercise. The thrust of the water reduces body weight and posture is horizontal, which suffers less from the chain backbone. The movements are harmonious, without which adversely impacts the vertebral joints and continuity of effort developing spinal musculature relaxes while.

Treatment of the contracture established

in the early days is desirable to use a brace, ie a ring that hold the painful area, downloading efforts. In the neck is a collar and a belt in the lower back. There are also bracing dorsal area specific, but generally less tolerant.

The neck collars should be used in the shortest possible time, usually measured in days, to avoid excessive muscle atrophy.

should apply local heat, well with the spray of the shower, electric blanket, etc..

relaxant medication (muscle relaxants) may be useful as well as analgesics.

In a chronic contractures may be useful to a specific cycle of therapy.

Senile Dementia: Can it be prevented?

2011-04-10T10:42:00.000+08:00

Dementia ( Alzheimer disease , Parkinson disease with dementia and related disorders) are probably the most important clinical disorders of our time in terms of overhead for the affected individuals and their families and, of course, cost to society. Alzheimer's disease is between 60% and 80% of cases of dementia.

It is estimated that in Spain there are currently between 600,000 and 1 million patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, the main type of dementia after 65 years of age. Every year in our country are almost 100,000 new cases of the disease in what has been described almost as an epidemic, which so concerns society, experts and authorities.

Can we prevent dementia?

That is the question, in capital letters. This article will briefly review some important facts of dementia, later to focus on the disease prevention measures currently in use or research.

Risk Factors

Age and a family history of disease are the two main risk factors for this devastating disorder. A history of first-degree relationship with a patient suffering from the disease increased 3 times the risk of contracting it. This relationship is especially true in cases where the disease appear early, ie in younger people. It was found that women at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease than men.

A low educational level is a known risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease. The head trauma with loss of consciousness also increase the risk. Finally, there is evidence that atherosclerosis is a risk factor for both Alzheimer's disease to another type of dementia called vascular.

Parkinson's disease, such as common neurological disorder in the elderly and characterized among other signs and symptoms the appearance of tremor is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Approximately 1 to 4 patients with Parkinson's disease will eventually develop dementia.

What is Alzheimer's Disease and how it manifests?

Alzheimer's disease, the main type of dementia which is discussed mainly in this article, most often affects people over 65 years. Basically it is a serious disorder, progressive in nature, the functioning of the brain with impaired memory, thought process, speech and behavior. Its causes are not well known yet, although we know that there are significant structural and chemical changes in the brains of people who have it. These changes hamper the ability to process, store and retrieve information.

The clinical manifestations of the disease are highly variable and change as the condition progresses. At first common mood swings and personality. Later, see a recent memory impairment and difficulty finding the words you want. These changes may be subtle and unconsciously adapt the family can contribute to this decline in delayed recognition. Finally, affect other functional capabilities and problems arise, for example, driving a car, bring your own financial accounts, hygiene and meals, etc.. Displayed a gradual deterioration of language, disorientation in time and space, impaired ability to judge and difficulty recognizing even the members of his family. They often appear also psychiatric symptoms including paranoia, psychomotor agitation, irritability and frustration, anxiety , insomnia , inappropriate social behavior, hallucinations, etc..

Mild cognitive impairment

Mild cognitive impairment is a cognitive disorder located between the normal forgetfulness or physiological memory that occur with age and dementia. In this situation the patient, their family or doctor detect memory complaints, the patient remains normal daily activity (autonomy, ability to live alone), although there are difficulties in performing daily activities complex, there is an objective memory impairment, although global cognitive function is normal and is discarded by the different dementia clinical trials.

It is known that patients with mild cognitive impairment develop this dementia with a frequency of 10% to 15% per year, so these patients should keep a close medical supervision.

Preventive measures of dementia

in recent years and because they are not well known causes of Alzheimer's disease, has placed great emphasis on early diagnosis of the disease rather than preventive treatment or slow the disease.

Although there is no solid evidence that a change in lifestyle can prevent this disease, many scientific studies show that certain behaviors may help protect against mental decline. In particular, it was found that some drugs and lifestyles that protect the heart may also have their role in preventing this disease. Currently under investigation and measures many other drugs that briefly discussed below:

Some epidemiological studies have suggested that NSAIDs protect against development of Alzheimer's disease, although no conclusive evidence. In addition, other studies have linked long-term use of these drugs with the preservation of cognitive function and prevention of early cognitive impairment and a decreased incidence of Parkinson's disease. Some researchers, until you provide more conclusive data, have proposed a low dose of ibuprofen (200 mg / day) to prevent Alzheimer's disease, especially in those patients with a strong family history of disease and knowing that this treatment has not proven anything.
Some studies have suggested that the use of a statin, a drug commonly used to reduce blood cholesterol, may prevent the development of dementia.
It is proposed that antioxidants like vitamin E may be beneficial to delay disease progression in patients with established Alzheimer's disease. This substance could be delivered through the diet or supplements. Although no reliable data to suggest that taking vitamin prevent Alzheimer's disease, given their low risk, it could take a supplement of this substance to patients at high risk of developing dementia. It has been recommending the use of 400 to 800 IU of vitamin E in patients with a family history of Alzheimer's disease risk.
The high pressure is associated with an increased risk of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Some studies have suggested that reducing high blood pressure reduce the risk of dementia in elderly patients with a type called systolic hypertension. It has also been suggested that these changes in lifestyle and medications that reduce risk factors for heart disease and diabetes mellitus may be important to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Although some preliminary epidemiological studies suggested that hormone replacement therapy could prevent prevent dementia, seems finally that it is not and may even increase it so now his administration is not recommended for prevention of dementia.
The physical activity and exercise can help maintain cognitive function, as demonstrated by scientific studies.
Likewise, cognitive activity may protect against dementia. Leisure activities like reading, playing board games and playing musical instruments in one study were associated with lower risk of developing dementia. Learning throughout life, social activities and behaviors, and reducing stress are useful measures to keep the mind active and energetic.
It seems that a diet rich in fish and omega 3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and a diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids may increase, although there is a clear and do a lot of controversy about .
Data on alcohol use and risk of dementia are also confusing. While alcoholism is associated with cognitive dysfunction, there is abundant evidence to suggest that light to moderate consumption of alcohol may be protective.
Research on animals have shown that vaccines derived from proteins found in the brains of animals suffering from this disease may be able to not only slow the progression of brain damage but even reverse it. In any case, these investigations are not available for human application until several years, although the findings are promising.

In conclusion, most data on dementia prevention comes from observational studies. Are currently being developed intervention prospective studies will clarify some of the questions raised so far. Meanwhile it has been proposed only for preventive administration of vitamin E and low dose of ibuprofen.

Symptoms of egg allergy

2011-04-08T01:01:00.000+08:00

Symptoms of egg allergy. Among the benefits it provides food containing eggs found in optimum essential amino acids the body needs for protein formation. It is also rich in vitamins A, D, E and B and minerals such as iron, phosphorus and sodium. However, there are agencies that do not tolerate this food. Among the possible adverse reactions include the following. Allergy to eggs: symptoms • Crisis of urticaria accompanied by swelling of the cheeks, lips and eyelids. • Gastrointestinal upset. • Respiratory problems like asthma.

Preventive and health promotion in men over 40 years

2011-03-28T10:17:00.000+08:00

Currently in our country and, in general, in the Western world, the most important causes of death in quantitative terms are cancer and cardiovascular diseases, including those affecting the heart and brain. Among the three constitute approximately 50% of all deaths annually, ie, one in two people die because of some of them.

It has been shown repeatedly that the abandonment of snuff is a huge health benefit.

In males, the most common cancers that cause death, are the trachea, bronchus and lung in the first place, followed by cancer of the stomach and the prostate .

Today, with the knowledge we have we can say without mistaken fear that many of these deaths could be prevented if measures were put in place health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular disease, which have been shown to be effective.

In man the leading cause of cancer death in our country is the bronchial cancer and lung cancer, with mortality rates of 54 per 100,000 inhabitants. One of the measures to be taken to dramatically reduce mortality from lung cancer is smoking cessation . It has been shown repeatedly that the abandonment of snuff is a huge benefit.

Preventive Actions

Currently the implementation of systematic prevention activities in the field of Primary Health Care is based on the realization of a periodic health examination. This is the application of various measures of health promotion and disease prevention with appropriate intervals to age and sex of those whom they are addressed.

Traditionally, and until well into the decade of 70, the preventive screenings, also called checks, were performed with a fixed frequency, usually annually. As the epidemiological and clinical studies provided more accurate data about the natural history of disease, became known periods of vulnerability (susceptibility to suffer a particular disease) and was opting for periodic reviews of health. In some cases the application of a preventive measure may be indicated on an annual basis and in others can be performed with longer intervals. Sometimes, however, the variables age and sex alone can not justify taking a preventative measure, so it is necessary to identify groups that share a number of features that increase the likelihood of developing a certain disease. It is in this way does the concept of risk.

The high-risk groups may be determined for reasons as diverse as genetic conditions, the presence of preexisting conditions, personal habits or behavior or simply belonging to a population with a large frequency of the disease.

In this article we will address the following activities of health promotion and disease prevention that can benefit men older than 40 years:

Detection of smoking and smoking cessation advice.
Detection of hypertension or high blood pressure.
Screening for cholesterol or high blood cholesterol.
Other activities.

Smoking

is estimated that in US smokes about one in three people, and among the population over 40 years smoke one in two people. We also know people who smoke more than upper middle class (about 45%) and those living in big cities.

Today it is indisputable that smoking is the most common preventable cause of premature death in developed countries. In europe die each year some 40,000 people from diseases directly related to snuff, among which ischemic heart disease by obstruction of the coronary arteries that are supplying the heart muscle, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the bronchi and blood vessel disease of the brain.

It has been shown that the degree of awareness of people about the harmful effects of snuff is low. For this reason the physician should undertake the following tasks on their patients:

Question all patients about their smoking
Advise all smokers to quit
Helping those who want to quit to get
Agree monitoring visits.

Quitting smoking is therefore one of the main activities for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, which cause, as mentioned, a large number of deaths in Spain.

Detection of hypertension or high blood pressure

Hypertension is defined as a sustained elevation of blood pressure levels above those considered normal and, at this time, because of the evidence accumulated by numerous scientific studies over in recent years, is set at 140/90 mmHg (or millimeters of mercury).

We know for a fact that this disease is a risk factor of prime importance for the heart and blood vessels. Currently one in three adults have this disease.

The benefits of treatment have been clearly established and proven in numerous medical studies. At present it is recommended to measure and record blood pressure of blood every two years in men older than 40 years. In cases in which blood pressure is kept high so many records, often require treatment and medical follow-up long term.

Cholesterol or high blood cholesterol

Numerous scientific studies have taught us that the numbers of blood cholesterol are associated with disease and death caused by heart problems and blood vessels. The risk of any of these health problems increases progressively as they rise in cholesterol levels in the blood, so they pose a predictor or announcer of all deaths in men aged 40 to 60 years. In this group of people are much more common traditional cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, use of snuff and a sedentary lifestyle or lack of exercise, among others.

At present the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in primary prevention , ie before the disease appears, requires classifying patients according to individual risk assessment, and medications only treat the cases where it is most likely that the benefits outweigh the risks.

The situation changes when we secondary prevention, ie when the patient has the disease in its early stages, not yet clearly manifest. In these cases, medications to treat high blood cholesterol have proved their usefulness in different medical studies.

In general, it is recommended to men aged between 35 and 40 years to 65 years a determination of total blood cholesterol every 5 years and opportunistically, ie, use of other reasons for medical consultation.

talk about high levels of cholesterol in the blood when the patient has a higher level of 250 mg / dl; discuss borderline high cholesterol with cholesterol levels between 200 and 250 mg / dl, and those figures desirable cholesterol below 200 mg / dl.

When a patient has already had a cardiovascular disease such as angina pectoris, a myocardial infarction or stroke, diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol) is set as a fraction of cholesterol called LDL (English acronym for the so-called low-density lipoprotein or low density lipoprotein). We speak in these cases of hypercholesterolemia when the number of LDL cholesterol (or "bad" cholesterol) is greater than 130 mg / dL cholesterol to the upper limit when the LDL cholesterol is between 100 and 130 mg / dl, and when it is desirable cholesterol below 100 mg / dl.

Treatment of cardiovascular diseases

in the treatment of these health problems always pass the initial steps by changes in lifestyle, such as monitoring of a diet low in animal fats (reducing the consumption of fatty meats, sausages, whole milk, eggs, fatty pastries, etc..), the practice of regular physical exercise and avoiding overweight and high alcohol consumption. In some cases when these measures fail and require the use of specific drugs.

Activities or measures for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

or activities The following measures have proved effective in promoting health and preventing disease:

Physical exercise on a regular basis, tailored to the individual characteristics of each person.
Prevent overweight and obesity, controlling the power.
Follow a diet low in animal fats and rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, etc.. (So-called Mediterranean diet). Determine the level of blood cholesterol at least every 5 years.
Prevent abuse of Alcohol .
Do not smoke or quit if you smoke.
Measure and record your blood pressure regularly, at least every 2 years. See your doctor if you have persistently high numbers of blood pressure.
Vaccinated against tetanus every 10 years and the flu every year, especially if you belong to any of the groups most at risk.
Avoid sun exposure too.
Early detection of some cancers such as colon, in patients with a family history of disease or risk factors.
Early detection and treatment of patients with high risk factors for coronary artery disease, so common in men over 40 years.

Breast Prostheses

2011-03-21T12:18:00.001+08:00

What are they and what are they used?

breast prostheses are devices that are implanted in the breast or breasts of women mainly for two reasons: as an aesthetic breast augmentation for women who want to have larger breasts (80 % of cases), and to reconstruct the breast in those women who have had a breast removed for breast cancer suffer.

Some prostheses to adjust the volume of the filler material after the operation.

Types of prostheses

There are 3 basic types of breast implants: prosthesis filled with saline , prosthesis filled with silicone gel -filled and other alternative substances such as soybean oil .

Breast implants vary in shell surface (smooth or rough), shape (round or other shapes), the profile (which protrudes), volume (or size) and the thickness of the envelope.

The fundamental parts of a breast prosthesis are:

it wrap the outer casing
the filler
a patch covering the hole manufacturing.

Concerning the design of the wrapper, most prostheses have a single outer layer (shell itself), some have a double shell prosthesis (one inside the other). Regarding the filling material, some prostheses are manufactured with a fixed volume of filler material, others are filled during surgery and other to adjust the volume of the filler material after the operation.

In the prosthesis filled with silicone gel The term silicone refers to a family of organic silicon compounds related chemically derived from silica. In medicine, the silicone has been used extensively as small amounts of this substance can be found in prosthetic joints (knee, hip, etc..) Artificial heart valves and even the bottle nipples for babies. However, the medical use of the compound more liquid, polydimethyl siloxane, is done with breast implants that were developed for over 40 years.

What is the surgery?

The surgery, though it can be done with local anesthesia and sedation, it is preferable under anesthesia general. An incision is made at the lower end of the nipple-areola, or in the groove under the breast or in the crease of the armpit and the prosthesis is inserted to place, well below the mammary gland itself or under the muscle the chest which is in turn under the gland. The choice of technique depends on the plastic surgeon's discretion. The hospital stay is usually 24 to 36 hours.

What complications can arise?

It is important to bear in mind that most women who have surgery of breast implants may experience local complications such as pain, capsular contracture (scar tissue formation around the prosthesis that tightens or squeezes) or the prosthesis rupture or deflation. In many cases require nonsurgical or surgical reinterventions to treat these complications.

Local complications of surgery for breast implants are therefore common and are the primary concern regarding the safety of the intervention. In addition, complications accumulate over the life of the prosthesis should also know, do not last a lifetime. Finally, the women received information on possible local complications of this surgery is essential to make the final decision to operate or not.

There is a long list of local complications of this type of intervention:

asymmetry of the breasts
pain of the same
Breast tissue atrophy
calcification or calcium deposits on the breasts
capsular contracture
chest wall deformity
delayed wound healing or keloid formation or large scars
extrusion of the prosthesis or output
galactorrhea or secretion of milk from the nipple
hematoma, granuloma or wound complication
infections
inflammation or irritation
malposition or displacement of the prosthesis
necrosis or tissue death
sensory changes in the breast or nipple
rupture of the prosthesis, or it will deflate or deflate
seroma
wrinkles or ripples in the skin
unsatisfactory aesthetic results by size or style, etc..

Of these, the most important because of their frequency and consequences are breast pain, capsular contracture referred to above, changes in sensation in the breast or nipple and rupture of the prosthesis or deflate or deflate it.

Some of these local complications require reoperation, and in some cases, removal of the prosthesis, with subsequent complications aesthetic (dimples and wrinkles or ripples in the skin, loosening or falling of the chest, etc.).. The frequency of these complications aesthetic stands at 12-14% at 5 years when the intervention is to increase breast size and 28-30% at 5 years when it's for breast reconstruction, with the average time to remove the prosthesis of 11.5 years.

Women should be subjected to multiple reoperations to improve the appearance of the breasts, remove the deflated prosthesis or repair broken or other local complications may end the process with a clearly unsatisfactory cosmetic result, with all that entails.

It has been found that one in four women with breast implants had local complications that required a reoperation during the first 5 years after implantation. Just as we saw that one of every 3 women who received breast implants to reconstruct her breasts needed to be reoperated within the next 5 years and 1 in 8 women who were operated for breast augmentation had to be reoperated within 5 years.

Are there any health risks caused by the prosthesis?

Some women living with breast implants have developed health problems that they think are related to the prosthesis, but the majority of medical and scientific studies have failed to demonstrate such an association. Most health concerns related to breast implants are believed caused by a reaction of the organism against foreign material such as silicone.

Of the various diseases that have tried to link with breast implants are two: the cancer breast and a rheumatological disease called connective tissue disease includes diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis , lupus erythematosus or scleroderma among others, or disorders (signs or symptoms) related.

Today we know that breast cancer is more common in women with breast implants compared with those who do not carry. Multiple scientific studies have confirmed so.

What seems clear is that breast implants may interfere with early detection of breast cancer in making and interpreting a mammogram . Compression of the breast during this test may cause rupture of the prosthesis or deflate it. The best test to detect this problem in silicone prosthesis is the nuclear magnetic resonance .

Several scientific studies have been unable to establish a clear cause-effect relationship between breast implants and connective tissue disease, so currently can not mention that breast implants cause these diseases.

Considerations before getting a breast prosthesis

Most women who get breast implants will experience some local complications that may require further medical or surgical treatment (reoperation or removal of the prosthesis). Breast implants do not last a lifetime. Often require long term monitoring and reoperations for treatment of complications.
To be considered a cosmetic treatment, not within the Social Security benefits in Spain so that intervention is not funded. Even many private insurers cover it. In case of need for reconstruction after breast cancer surgery is considered medical treatment and is funded by Social Security.
It is important to know the real possibilities of the outcome. No surgeon will provide absolute guarantees that the result will be similar to other women who have obtained a great success. The results of your particular case will depend on many individual factors such as general health (including age), the structure of the thorax, the shape and position of the breast and nipple, skin texture, healing capacity (which may be delayed in case of previous radiotherapy or chemotherapy, alcohol, snuff, drugs, etc..) tendency to bleed, prior breast surgery, skills and experience of the surgical team, the type of surgery and the type and size of the prostheses.
Many of the changes that occur in the breast following implantation of the prosthesis can be aesthetically undesirable and irreversible. With the subsequent removal of the prosthesis may appear dimples, wrinkles or loosening of the breasts, loss of breast tissue or other undesirable cosmetic changes.
Women with implants should follow the same program for early detection of breast cancer by mammography. There is a certain risk of breast implant rupture or deflate during this test.
Other risks targets are delayed detection of breast cancer and pain or discomfort that may be after surgery.

Despite the controversy, there is no scientific evidence linking silicone breast implants with various diseases like breast cancer or connective tissue.

Check male urological

2011-03-20T10:26:00.003+08:00

Prostate cancer

The prostate cancer clinically detectable is the most common cancer in men over 50 years of age in the U.S., and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Approximately 30% of men over 50 have asymptomatic foci of prostate cancer recognizable in the autopsy series. However, it is estimated that the risk of a man of 50 years to develop a clinically relevant prostate cancer has been estimated at about 10%, while the risk of dying from prostate cancer is approximately 3%.

The right candidate for a urological check is a male between 50 and 70 years of age with good health and a life expectancy of at least 10-15 years.

The implementation of programs for early detection of prostate cancer is very controversial, in Spain, the number of potential tax men of this program over five million. Several screening programs, and including the American Cancer Society , have shown that between 85% and 93% of cancers detected with current methods are important clinically, ie, they are likely to progress and cause damage to individual. In addition, tumors detected from the use of PSA (prostate specific antigen) are more likely to be confined to the organ. When used in screening programs, patients with prostate cancer detected at an earlier stage than when they are symptomatic.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Moreover, it should be noted that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumor in men over 50 years, and the second cause of admission for surgery. It is therefore advisable to assess clinically, albeit brief, in this age group. In fact, 70% of patients over age 70 develop BPH, of whom between 35 and 40% suffer with prostate clinic due to cervico-urethral process.

Who recommends a prostate check?

The right candidate is a male between 50 and 70 years of age with good health and a life expectancy of at least 10-15 years. In cases of family history of prostate cancer suggests starting as an option at 40 years of age. Although it has been said that the prevalence of prostate cancer increases with advancing age, after 70 years of life expectancy decreases to less than ten years and the risk of death from other causes increases. Thus, although each case must be taken individually, do not recommend routine screening of men over 70 years without symptoms, except that the detection or treatment of prostate cancer affecting the quality of life of patients.

Of course The urologist should include an assessment visit in the prostate of any man with urinary symptoms.

What tests are performed on a prostate check?

Medical history

was prompted by urinary frequency, by the existence of complaints or problems associated with it, hematuria (blood in urine) and so on. May also be given the IPSS ( International Prostatic Syptoms Score ), a scale of urinary symptoms and quality of life validated by WHO, which gives us an impression of the man's clinical situation quickly.

Physical examination

The application of digital rectal examination as part of routine screening is well established. However, some patients feel aversion for the exam and the lack of sensitivity and specificity of the test are the two limitations. Used alone, it has not succeeded in detecting prostate cancer at an early stage, potentially curable, but in combination with PSA has unquestionable value.

Analysis

Urinary sediment analysis: to distinguish urinary tract infections that can cause irritative symptoms similar to prostate patients and to identify the hematuria (blood in urine).
Determination of plasma creatinine (allows an assessment of renal function), so this determination as the above are part of routine health checks, so it is common for patients to bring in the time of the visit to the urologist.
The PSA is a protein produced by prostate epithelial cells and, among other circumstances, blood level increases with the presence of prostate cancer cells. The routine use of PSA in male patients older than 50 years has been recommended by the American Society of Cancer , the American Urological Association , among others, and the FDA also has approved it as a tool for early detection of prostate cancer. Although the standard reference values are between 0 and 4 ng / ml (Tandem E assay), have also been proposed age-specific levels, but have not enjoyed wide acceptance. The problem is that in any case, there is an overlap between the values of PSA in cancer patients and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. That is, it is not uncommon for patients with elevated (usually moderate, between 4 and 10 ng / ml) of this index is to make appropriate diagnostic tests and are not cancer cells, and conversely, not what is that other men have figures within the normal range and who suffer from prostate cancer. Therefore, it has been suggested the use of other tests (free PSA, PSA density, PSA velocity, etc.) to avoid this uncertainty, but this exceeds the purpose of a urological check and must be determined in subsequent visits if required .

Urological ultrasound (vesico-prostatic renewable)

is a test not required, but it is certainly a useful tool if there are significant micturition or other clinical circumstances so warrant. The measurement of waste (volume of urine left in the bladder after urination) may be sufficient in the context of a urological check. Although transrectal ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis of prostate cancer is not recommended as part of a routine by the lack of specificity and relative discomfort.

Flowmetry

is a test easy to perform, devoid of hassles and reproducible. Its purpose is to obtain objective and quantifiable data on the patient's lower urinary tract, that does not always correlate with symptoms and the degree of obstruction. It consists of making urination in the flow meter device that measures the amount of urine output per unit of time and transforms it into a signal that can be digitized and sent to a polygraph.

In general, organizations that promote urological checkups recommend an evaluation combined, most often based on physical examination and PSA, although, as we have seen, may include other tests based on clinical findings.

Why do people get hiccups

2011-03-11T01:00:00.000+08:00

Why get the hiccups, why you hiccup? The most common cause of hiccups is to give us indigestion, because, after taking too strong and abundant food, it accelerates the production of acids that trigger sound annoying and contractions of the diaphragm. Another cause is eating too fast and dry food without water. Also, sometimes the cold causes hiccups. To avoid hiccups: • Drink a glass of water before eating very dry and do not eat fast. • In the event that either by cold, seek shelter. Note: • If hiccups occur too often, there might be a more serious stomach order, a condition in the intestines or hepatitis.

Breast self-examination: what do you see?

2011-02-21T10:09:00.000+08:00

The breast cancer is, throughout the world, the most common malignancy in women, representing 28% of all cancers. It is also typical of developed countries. Currently one in eight women will develop, over a lifetime, a breast cancer.

The risk of developing it increases progressively with increasing age of the woman, a woman of 70 years presents a risk nearly 10 times higher than a 40.

The finding of a lump, lump or mass of hard consistency is the most common manifestation of breast cancer (80%). Another manifestation of the same, though more rarely (5%) is the bloody discharge from the nipple.

The detection of early-stage tumor carries a better prognosis and longer survival, moreover, in the case of breast cancer, its detection early allows less mutilating surgery and minor sequelae.

Breast Cancer Screening

The three most important tests for early detection of breast cancer with which we currently are:

Breast self
Clinical examination by the gynecologist
Mamografía .

Breast self examination

breast self examination is the breast regularly by the woman herself in order to detect any alteration to suspect the presence of a tumor.

This is a simple test that is safe and low cost, but for its proper application requires a previous training of the employee.

Every woman should know the morphology and texture of your breasts, so that any changes will be discovered the same as soon as possible.

The breast self-examination lasts a few minutes, 4 or 5 at most. If the woman still has the menstruation have to practice the next day to complete the cycle. If the woman is in menopause should perform self-examination on the same day each month, to acquire and establish a permanent habit. Ideally, self-starting since the girl begins to have its first rules .

What is breast self-examination?

The self-examination should include:

A visual examination in a mirror
A manual examination of both breasts and armpits.

The pattern to be followed is:

First

the woman was placed standing before the mirror with your arms hanging along the body, naked from the waist up, with completely bare breasts and a good light (Figure 1).

Figure 1

In this posture observed:

if there are depressions in the breasts or abnormal elevations of the skin
if there are changes of color in the same
if the shape of the breast or nipple is different
scabs or retractions if the areola or nipple
any changes in relation to previous months.

It should not be alarmed if one breast is lower than the other or one is bigger than the other, which may be normal.

Second

Raising arms toward the ceiling, she rotates the trunk to the right and left to check if any of the changes noted above (Figure 2). Then place hands on hips, pressing against his own body and from renewing mammary observation indicated in the first period.

Figure 2

Third

Lying on the bed face up, you should put your left hand under your head and use the right hand to feel the left breast, fingers together, but not rigid (Figure 3). Try to see if they touch or hard lumps or nodules are painful areas. To do this we proceed as if the chest was a perfect circle that is divided into 4 quadrants: first palpate the upper inner quadrant from top to bottom or center of the thorax to the periphery, then the lower inner quadrant, then the outer bottom and then the upper outer (Figure 4). To finish the areola and nipple, so there are none left breast region unexplored.

Figure 3

Fourth

With arm extended along the body will feel the hollow of the armpit hand sliding up and down the ribs (Figure 5), to check for lymph nodes to jump by moving the hand.

Figure 4

Fifth

Finally, lightly squeeze the nipple between your fingers and look for any discharge comes out, looking then in color and features.

Figure 5

Sixth

Similarly we will explore the right breast, placing right hand under his head and using the left hand to palpate.

The tests can discover:

Alterations of the nipple: if reversed or withdrawn, if you have any erosion or damage to the skin.
Serous or bloody nipple spontaneously or induced by pressure.
Redness of the skin of the breast, heat gain or appearance of "orange peel".
Presence of a breast lump, fixed or mobile, or poorly defined specific limits.
Retraction of the skin by setting a tumor below it.

Although the presence of lumps or discharge from the nipple may be due to many causes, in addition to breast cancer, appeared before the woman should consult a specialist.

Disadvantages of breast self examination

breast self-examination has a number of disadvantages:

You can generate situations of anxiety for many women, the psychological burden that represents its involvement in cancer diagnosis.
Because of the possibility, especially in young women, to find multiple nodes that will not ultimately transcendence.

It has been shown that its use serves to reduce mortality from breast cancer. Though probably this is the result of poor application of the technique and a low tracking the same, ie, that few women perform well, completely and periodically their self-exploration

Mammography

Today, mammography is the ideal method for early diagnosis of breast cancer, since it can detect small tumors or nonpalpable deep, also has shown that regular mammograms for women over 50 years reduces mortality breast cancer by 20-30%.

In any case, despite the above, the self-exam can be a method that should be considered where there is no organized programs of early detection by mammography and in selected groups of women without symptoms, those that practice does not lead to emotional overload and can be adopted as a routine hygienic habit.

Liposuction

2011-02-11T12:26:00.000+08:00

What is liposuction?

Liposuction, fat suction or suction lipectomy is a surgical technique used to remove unwanted fat deposits from the surface areas of the body for cosmetic purposes. For this purpose, plastic surgeons practicing liposuction on the chin, neck, cheeks, upper arms, breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, thighs, knees, calves and ankles .

Liposuction involves certain risks

It is important to note that this technique or treatment is not used as a substitute for weight reduction, but as a procedure to remove localized subcutaneous fat, which is not easily removed by conventional methods of weight loss diet and exercise .

What is?

Once selected body areas to be treated, is usually applied a local anesthetic and the surgeon proceeds by small incisions in the skin through which inserts a small hollow tube called a cannula. This is connected to a machine that creates a powerful vacuum or suction effect, hence its name. The cannula is moving under the skin for the fat layers that you want to delete, and aspire to be diluted.

As the treated area are asleep under anesthesia local, patients sometimes experience sensations such as vibration and friction during the procedure. Takes about 1 to 2 hours, but depends on the operated area and the amount of fat removed.

When this technique is indicated?

Many people, especially women, want to sculpt your body to improve appearance, enhance your figure and feel better when they look in the mirror looking for the perfect body.

Liposuction, also sometimes called liposculpture, is indicated in people with a relatively normal body areas showing localized excess fat under the skin. Most body areas where you can practice this technique have been mentioned previously. If the patient's skin is firm and elastic, of course get better results in body contouring.

Although it has been shown that this procedure does not improve the condition known as cellulite or orange peel, addressed in another article in this section, some surgeons plastics offer other techniques to solve this problem.

When is contraindicated liposuction?

This technique should probably contraindicated as a treatment for weight loss in patients obese , people with serious health problems like diabetes , hypertension , heart disease, etc.., if the patient has had previous surgery recently the same area, or around, or if you have poor blood circulation in the area.

Risks and side effects of this technique

Like all surgical procedures, performing liposuction involves certain risks. It is therefore important to choose carefully and correct to the best candidates for surgery, to avoid unnecessary complications.

At times, it can cause severe trauma to the skin of the surgical site, especially when multiple or extensive areas suck at the same time. Although serious complications are fortunately rare, infections, bleeding or dehydration from excessive loss of body fluids during surgery can cause major damage.

The practice incisions in the skin are usually small and strategically made, so the Scars are usually mild and are hidden. However, there may be other skin problems such as wrinkling or discoloration of the skin.

After surgery, the treated areas usually remain swollen and bruised for several days or weeks. Although in most cases these problems disappear in a few weeks or months, not extraordinary that they can stay for many months.

Testicular self-examination

2011-02-11T10:00:00.000+08:00

Why a self-exam?

The testicles may have very different diseases, some of them slow and progressive evolution, but also other development faster. Some conditions that affect the testicles are serious, but most are not.

know the feeling, normal appearance and size of the testicles is a good habit, so that changes can be noted quickly if necessary.

Signs should call our attention:

A lump in a testicle
Pain and / or increased sensitivity in either testicle
Discharge of pus through the opening of the urethra in the penis (meatus)
Blood in sperm
Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum
Feeling of heaviness in the groin or scrotum
An enlargement of a testicle (one of them is usually higher than the other, but the size and shape should remain more or less constant).
An enlarged area of the breast or chest, with or without hypersensitivity.

How to examine your testicles

Check your testicles regularly as follows:

Perform self-exploration while taking a hot bath or long shower, as this softens the skin of the scrotum (skin containing the testes), which makes it easier to feel the testicles inside.
Examine the scrotum for a possible bump on the skin or internal folds.
Feel around the scrotum and testicles in the palm of your hand and feel the difference between the testicles. One is always higher and stays lower. This is completely normal.
Examine one testicle, and then compare each other. Use both hands to turn the testicles gently between thumb and forefinger.
Check the possible existence of lumps or bumps, as both testicles should be smooth except at one pole of the testis, the place where the tube that carries sperm, epididymis, and then continues with the vas deferens ( league in which vasectomy). This is at the top and back of the testicle, usually visible as irregular.

Testicular Cancer Incidence

The testicular cancer represents only 1% -2% of all cancers in men. The maximum involvement occurs between 15 and 35.

Although testicular cancer is rare, not so much finding a lump in the testicles. There are many conditions that can be easily confused with testicular cancer. Most times it is not anything serious. If there has been a self-examination and found a lump, you are advised to go to the doctor for further exploration.

Tanning carrot juice

2011-02-11T00:59:00.000+08:00

The carrot is good for sunbathing. Carrot juice is an effective sunscreen ideal for healthy looking skin, smooth and well hydrated. Benefits of carrots for tanning: • Protects the skin from the negative influence of the sun, due to beta-carotene antioxidant power also protects from the destructive action of free radicals, preventing premature aging of the skin. • Beta-carotene containing carrot, increases the production of melanin, a compound that makes the skin more resistant against UVA and UVB, while giving it a very attractive shade of brown. • It is best to consume a few days before sun exposure and will help you get the desired tone. For all the foregoing, the carrot is common ingredient in many sunscreens.

What to take for the flu

2011-01-31T00:57:00.000+08:00

Remedy helps end the flu. This fruit juice is healing very suitable remedy to fight the flu naturally. What is good remedy for the flu? Ingredients: • 1 guava. • 2 lemons. • 1 orange. • 1 block. • 1 slice of pineapple. • 1 tablespoon of propolis. How to prepare: • Remove the lemon juice and orange. • Blend two juices with other ingredients. • Add little water if necessary. How to apply: • Take at once. • Drink this juice once or twice a day, take it for a week.

Epidural anesthesia

2011-01-21T09:57:00.000+08:00

What is epidural anesthesia?

Epidural anesthesia, which is also known as anesthesia of the nerve roots, is used to numb the nerve roots exit the spinal cord. This is done by local injection of an anesthetic or analgesic (pain medication). It is commonly used during childbirth to ease the pain of it, and has recently been introduced also use surgery to prevent pain that occurs after certain interventions and to reduce complications such as lung infections and thrombosis in the legs lack of mobility.

During childbirth , epidurals usually starts when there are contractions and is given once the cervix has started to dilate. It is quite effective in about 96% of cases, and approximately two thirds of Spanish women benefit from it when they give birth. However, these figures vary considerably from one hospital to another.

How does an epidural?

An epidural blocks the nerves that reach the uterus or other body parts, depending on the level where they are made. These nerve roots are in a space surrounding the spinal cord called the epidural space. It is located within the vertebral column just outside the outer covering of the spinal cord.

How do you put an epidural?

The epidural always puts an anesthesiologist . The epidural space is located by a thin, hollow needle, usually in the bottom of the spine, and after application of a local anesthetic to the skin. Then insert in the space a small plastic tube through the needle and the needle is removed, leaving the tube in place. This tube is usually connected to an automatic pump infusion which is adjusted to supply continuously, until it no longer needed, a certain amount of local anesthetics and analgesics into the epidural space.

What are the side effects?

The most common are:

Drop in blood pressure: this happens in most cases and is easily treated by administration of serums and medication at the time. For this reason the patient's blood pressure is often measured as the epidural is administered.
Headache : Also known as spinal headache, happens to 1% of patients who received an epidural. Occurs when the needle passes through the dura (membrane that surrounds the spinal cord) and passes into space unintentionally is hosted cord where the cord. This is easily treated by the anesthesiologist.
There are special situations in which extra care must be taken with epidural anesthesia, such as when there is a defective placenta.

Can all women have an epidural when in labor?

The use of epidural anesthesia has existed for many years and is a fairly safe and reliable. Yet the practice is not without risk and those patients who can raise their use should receive full details so they can decide for themselves whether or not they want to benefit from this procedure.

some complications may occur, for such as meningitis , have been produced by passage of bacteria from the outside into the vertebral canal, but are rare if you take proper sterilization measures. There is also the risk of paralysis by damaging the nerve roots when administered lumbar epidural because the level at which there is no longer puts marrow and, therefore, the paralysis is caused by the presence of abscess or hematoma.

There are some conditions in which epidural anesthesia is not at all advisable or may be contraindicated, such as certain back problems. Neither should be used when there is increased tendency to infections or bleeding, or when there are certain diseases of the nervous system. If any of these circumstances should always consult the anesthesiologist.

Yogurt and fruit diet

2011-01-05T09:28:00.000+08:00

The yogurt and fruit diet can lose two to three kilos in just three days by combining yogurt with fruit and other foods.
The key to this diet is in the beneficial properties of the yogurt and fruit have on our body. Its benefits include a decrease in cholesterol, fat absorption, fight diarrhea, constipation and infections rebuilding the intestinal flora.

Operation of the diet of yogurt and fruit

Must be taken daily can add yogurt and a sweetener saccharin or no calories.

Day 1
Breakfast: coffee or tea with saccharine, a tablespoon of wheat bran and low-fat plain yogurt

Mid-morning: fruit yogurt

Lunch: a bowl with two natural yoghurt, a handful of chopped strawberries and a handful of grapes

Snack: plain yogurt or fruit

Dinner: plain yogurt and fruit

Day 2
Breakfast: orange juice, coffee or tea, nonfat plain yogurt with a tablespoon of bran or cereal

Mid-morning: fruit yogurt
Lunch: a bowl with two pieces of fruit and natural yoghurt

Snack: an apple and a pear

Dinner: Fresh salmon fillet grilled or baked, served with sauteed vegetables, a nonfat yogurt

Day 3
Breakfast: coffee or tea, nonfat plain yogurt and fruit
Mid-morning: fresh orange juice or tomato

Lunch: a plate of boiled rice along with vegetables, a yogurt

Snack: fruit yogurt

Dinner: fruit salad

Drawbacks of yoghurt and fruit diet

This is a restrictive diet does not provide enough calories and make us hungry. Eating yogurt and fruit can cause muscle and water removed from the body but not fat. This makes the so-called rebound effect so that the weight loss will return to manare recover quickly.

Teas for a hangover or raw

2010-12-31T00:56:00.000+08:00

Teas for a hangover or raw. If you passed the jars in the evening, we recommend taking any of the following herbal teas that will help alleviate and combat the hangover or hangover. To relieve a hangover or raw: • Infusion ginger. • chamomile tea. • Infusion of mint. • Infusion of parsley and orange rind. Preparation: • Pour a cup of boiling water one tablespoon of the herb you have selected. Cover and let stand for 10 minutes. Sweeten with honey if you like. • In the case of orange peel, enough with a quarter of its shell. You can also take fresh juices made from fruits and vegetables (eg carrot and lemon).

Taking care after 40

2010-12-30T08:56:00.000+08:00

Taking care after 40 is necessary if weight control and heart health care for preventing cardiovascular disease.
From the forty is really important to exercise, walking or cycling regularly helps build muscle tissue, but is also beneficial for maintaining good cardiovascular health and calorie burn.
From the 40 muscle mass is lost so that the caloric needs are also reduced. It is normal to gain weight more easily, especially among women and at the waist. The main reason is that the metabolism slows down with what to eat less and do more physical activity.
To combat body fat , there are certain foods that can help such as:

The nuts , eat ten nuts a day helps you lose weight.
Salmon, after forty is very important to the intake of vitamin D and calcium that fish provides.
Eating a diet rich in fiber .
It is very important to take calcium every day (milk, cheese, yogurt). Calcium should be consumed only, ie, coffee without milk, cheese without bread.

1 kg weight loss program

2010-12-17T09:26:00.000+08:00

This is a 1 kilo weight loss program that allows you to lose 1 kilo in just two days. It's simple: just follow the menu indicated.

The menu consists of four shots: breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. It is a very low-calorie menu that must be repeated during the two days of the diet.
Operation of the diet to lose weight 1 kilo in 2 days

Breakfast : a freshly squeezed orange juice on rising, half an hour later, a black coffee and a slice of bread dipped in honey

Lunch : two grated carrots with lemon, a cup of mint tea

In the afternoon : a slice of ham, a slice of cheese, a glass of milk, tea or coffee Dinner : a salad of lettuce, onions, mushrooms accompanied by a poached egg and wheat toast, an apple for dessert.

If you want a tea before bedtime

Disadvantages of the diet to lose weight 1 kilo in 2 days
This is a totally restrictive diet that does not provide the necessary nutrients for our body. Such diets are always harmful in the long term and even short-term in the case of people with some type of disease, pregnant women or children. 1 kilo weight loss promotes rebound quickly: once the diet and return to normal diet, will recover the lost weight easily and even gets fat.

Blisters on the feet

2010-12-01T09:24:00.000+08:00

Who has not ever had the problem of blisters on your feet after a long walk? What to do to cure blisters?

A blister is irritated area on the skin due to rubbing. Unsuitable shoes often cause redness of the skin which will lead the development of a blister if it does not protect the affected area with a hydrocolloid strip (adhesive bandage or dressing). To prevent blisters, shoes should not bother at the time of the test before you buy. Use socks also helps avoid the appearance of blisters. What to do when a blister blisters need to be treated properly to avoid becoming infected. First, it is necessary to puncture the blister. This can be used by passing a needle through a flame, wash the area with water until the liquid from the blister. Then clean the wound with alcohol to reduce the risk of infection or healing ointment and an adhesive bandage or dressing to isolate the area. The adhesive strip can simply skip the pain but the healing time will be the same.

If I stop taking birth control pills how long I can get pregnant?

2010-11-30T00:54:00.000+08:00

After I stop taking birth control pills take one pregnant? That will depend on each body, but usually is not true that a cost and it takes longer to become pregnant after you stop taking it. Current doses do not affect the ovaries, after cessation of treatment, begin to operate and maintain hormonal function exactly as before the taking. The exception would be that if you spend 30 years and you never pregnant, there sometimes become pregnant and even if it costs where there are no longer pregnant. But again, this will depend on each body.

Taking care after 30

2010-11-11T07:52:00.000+08:00

The 30 are a very good age for both men and for women, but now it's time to start caring as lifestyle affect our health over time.

It is from the 30 years when the word health appears on our horizon. At this age many people have created their own family and have even decided to have children. Studies prove that people without children are more likely to abuse alcohol and smoking. If you smoke, remember that it's never too late to decide to quit smoking . Several studies show that quitting smoking at this age is not a big cut in life expectancy compared to a nonsmoker.The key to our future health is in our food. A healthy diet , balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, ensuring our body the necessary nutrients and away from the problem of obesity, linked to heart disease and one of the risk factors for diabetes . In addition, a healthy diet also helps to prevent various cancers.

Caring for the skin and prevent hair loss
The skin care becomes a major concern for many people because the skin is most evident in the passage of time.
The hair becomes another front for many men and women who want to hide the passage of time. In both cases, there are genetic components against which little can be done. But healthy eating and physical activity practice on a regular basis are two simple ways to prevent aging.
And remember walking thirty minutes a day: walking is health , keeps us fit and prevents overweight obesity, heart disease, and even depression oestoporósis.

good food for the heart

2010-11-07T07:45:00.000+08:00

We present a series of good foods for the heart both for its nutritional qualities and for its low cholesterol content.

The olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats that help lower bad cholesterol. It is therefore recommended for cooking, replacing vegetable oils, lard or butter
The soy is a food and fashion that also helps reduce high cholesterol, soy is also a source of vegetable protein
The nuts , especially walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds contain omega-3 fatty acids that reduce cholesterol and fiber
Foods such as avocados , the oats , the spinach , the vegetable and flaxseed , are essential to keep in perfect health of our heart and our arteries
Certain fish, especially tuna , the sardines and salmon , reduces the risk of heart attacks or heart attacks

Remedies for hoarseness

2010-11-01T07:45:00.000+08:00

The remedies for hoarseness include oily fish, nuts, honey, ... among many allies to relieve hoarseness. The causes of hoarseness are diverse, but usually the hoarseness is caused by taking cold drinks, have inhaled too much smoke or a sore throat caused due to alsobreesfuerzo for speaking in public.

The remedies for hoarseness include foods with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and mucilage that relieve discomfort and promote a speedy recovery:

The omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and nuts have anti-inflammatory properties. Oily fish should be cooked and chopped nuts. Some fruits and vegetables such as carrots, pumpkin, tangerines and oranges are rich in beta-carotene which the body converts into vitamin A, promoting regeneration of mucosal surfaces.
Onions and garlic are foods with properties to kill germs that cause hoarseness for their antibacterial, expectorant and mucolytic.
Finally, a glass of warm water with lemon and honey has a soothing antiseptic and the lining of the airways.

How often do babies bath?

2010-10-31T00:48:00.000+08:00

How many times does a baby bath? is considered normal for the baby to the bathroom every time you eat or at least about twice a day. • When the baby is breastfed, his poop can be liquid, yellow gold, with a little mucus and some white lumps. You can make green or another color as it grows and given porridge or other foods suitable for their age. If no other symptoms, do not worry, it's normal. • When feeding powdered milk, baby poop will have more odor and appearance is pasty and sticky. Caution: • If you notice that your baby has swelling in the stomach , vomiting, diarrhea, or not evacuated, consult a physician.

Properties of garlic

2010-10-07T07:13:00.000+08:00

Among the properties of garlic include: antiseptic, antibacterial, reduces cholesterol and purifies the blood.
Among the many benefits of garlic consumption shows, there is more: the garlic diet, hence the consumption of garlic is recommended in many types of diets to lose weight. This property of garlic, like many others, seems due to the presence in the composition of a substance called allicin , which would not only lose weight, but also control it.
Properties of garlic for health
Garlic is a source of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C and E, carbohydrates, fiber, phosphorus, calcium, iron and sodium. Among the properties of garlic for health, include:

Has antioxidant properties.
It lowers blood pressure and circulatory problems such, avoiding the formation of thrombi.
Strengthens the immune system.
Helps reduce bad cholesterol
Garlic is a decongestant and expectorant.
It has diuretic properties.

Properties of garlic for weight loss

Reduces the excess fat by lipolytic properties.
Stimulates and improves metabolism
Helps eliminate excess fluids.

Taking garlic diet
There are many ways to lose weight taking garlic prevents bad breath and the smell of garlic, of which we highlight:

Garlic and lemon infusion : Peel a clove of garlic and boiled in a liter of water with two lemons cut for fifteen minutes. Let stand five minutes and strain before drinking.
Garlic tea : Boil chopped garlic after a liter of water, strain the tea and drink a glass of it all the fasting days. To counter bad breath then take a glass of milk.
Tibetan Garlic Cure : Grind 350 grams of garlic and put to soak in a quart of brandy in a glass jar. Leave the jar in the refrigerator for ten days, after which the filtered with a sieve. The liquid remaining after casting, is again put in the jar and leave in the fridge for two days. After two days, you can start taking the infusion in drops with a little milk for twelve days before the three meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner.
There are also garlic oil pills to lose weight.

Tanorexia: addiction to tanning

2010-10-06T07:43:00.000+08:00

The tanorexia is an addiction to tanning consistent in wanting to always have a darker skin color than you have. The problem appears when tanorexia, even if you have obtained a good color, is still obsessed with never getting tan to conform to the skin tone obtained.
It is common these days to find people who are tanned all year round. Some of these people spend time and money on UVA sessions to keep the brown color during the winter and in summer they spend many hours in the sun.
The tanorexia usually affects women between 25 and 35 who are not aware of the serious problems that can lead to this obsession, such as skin cancer.
Experts recommend caution periods sunbathing at the times allowed and always using a sunscreen appropriate for your skin type.